Formulation and Characterization of Polyherbal Silver Nanoparticles for Targeting Antimicrobial Resistance in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant E. coli

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Polyherbal formulations combined with nanotechnology offer a promising strategy to combat resistant bacterial strains. This study focuses on developing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using steam distillates from Terminalia chebula, Eucalyptus globulus, Morinda citrifolia, Ocimum sanctum, and Curcuma longa. These AgNPs were assessed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Steam distillates of selected herbs were used for the green synthesis of AgNPs. Particle size, zeta potential, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli was determined, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated.

The AgNPs had an optimal size of 80 nm and a zeta potential of -23 mV. Polyherbal AgNPs exhibited a 15 mm inhibition zone against resistant E. coli, surpassing that of silver nitrate.

Tulsi extract exhibited significant antioxidant properties, making AgNP-based gels a potential AMR therapy.