Skip to content
2000
image of Thiazole-Based Antioxidants: Pioneering a Decade of Therapeutic Advances

Abstract

Background

Thiazole-based compounds have attracted considerable interest due to their potent antioxidant abilities, which are crucial for combating diseases associated with oxidative stress. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in the development and evaluation of thiazole derivatives exhibiting improved antioxidant properties.

Objective

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the antioxidant properties of thiazole-derived compounds established over the past decade, emphasizing their SAR (Structure-activity relationships), mechanistic understanding, and potential therapeutic applications.

Methods

A comprehensive evaluation of peer-reviewed research from 2016 to 2025 was conducted, with an emphasis on studies investigating the antioxidant properties of thiazole-based compounds. SARs were evaluated to assess the effects of various substituents on antioxidant activity. Investigations into the mechanism were done further to understand the contribution of thiazole moieties in antioxidant activity.

Results

Various thiazole derivatives exhibited remarkable radical scavenging ability, frequently outperforming standard antioxidants. Structural characteristics including electron-donating substituents, catechol-containing scaffolds, and Schiff-base frameworks significantly improved activity. Metal complexes and hybrid structures enhanced the efficiency of electron transfer and the stability of radical intermediates.

Discussion

The findings indicate that thiazole derivatives exhibit antioxidant properties via synergistic structural and electronic characteristics that promote hydrogen-atom transfer along with single-electron transfer mechanisms. The integration of heterocyclic hybrids and metal coordination represents a promising strategy for the development of next-generation antioxidant agents characterized by enhanced stability and biological significance.

Conclusion

Over the last ten years, there have been significant advances in the development of thiazole-based antioxidants, including various derivatives exhibiting potent free radical scavenging capabilities. The results highlight the therapeutic efficacy of thiazole scaffolds in addressing diseases associated with oxidative stress. Future studies should focus on improving bioavailability and efficacy to facilitate the translation of these results into clinical applications.

© 2026 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/ctmc/10.2174/0115680266398772251028104003
2026-01-26
2026-01-31

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/ctmc/10.2174/0115680266398772251028104003
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Sies H. Jones D.P. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2020 21 7 363 383 10.1038/s41580‑020‑0230‑3 32231263
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Murphy M.P. Holmgren A. Larsson N.G. Halliwell B. Chang C.J. Kalyanaraman B. Rhee S.G. Thornalley P.J. Partridge L. Gems D. Nyström T. Belousov V. Schumacker P.T. Winterbourn C.C. Unraveling the biological roles of reactive oxygen species. Cell. Metab. 2011 13 4 361 366 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.010 21459321
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Mishra R. Kumar N. Sachan N. Thiophene and its analogs as prospective antioxidant agents: A retrospective study. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 2022 22 10 1420 1437 10.2174/1389557521666211022145458 34719361
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Sies H. Berndt C. Jones D.P. Oxidative stress. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2017 86 1 715 748 10.1146/annurev‑biochem‑061516‑045037 28441057
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Mishra R. Kumar N. Sachan N. Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and in-silico studies of thiophene derivatives. Oncologie 2021 23 4 493 514 10.32604/oncologie.2021.018532
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Sies H. Role of metabolic H2O2 generation: Redox signaling and oxidative stress. J. Biol. Chem. 2014 289 13 8735 8741 10.1074/jbc.R113.544635 24515117
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Wang X.F. Chen X. Tang Y. Wu J.M. Qin D.L. Yu L. Yu C.L. Zhou X.G. Wu A.G. The therapeutic potential of plant polysaccharides in metabolic diseases. Pharmaceuticals 2022 15 11 1329 10.3390/ph15111329 36355500
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Lang J. Li L. Quan Y. Tan R. Zhao J. Li M. Zeng J. Chen S. Wang T. Li Y. Zhao J. Yin Z. LC-MS-based metabolomics reveals the mechanism of anti-gouty arthritis effect of Wuwei Shexiang pill. Front. Pharmacol. 2023 14 1213602 10.3389/fphar.2023.1213602 37637422
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Sies H. Hydrogen peroxide as a central redox signaling molecule in physiological oxidative stress: Oxidative eustress. Redox Biol. 2017 11 613 619 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.035 28110218
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Chance B. Sies H. Boveris A. Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiol. Rev. 1979 59 3 527 605 10.1152/physrev.1979.59.3.527 37532
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Poljsak B. Strategies for reducing or preventing the generation of oxidative stress. Oxid Med. Cell. Longev 2011 2011 1 15 10.1155/2011/194586 22191011
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gondru R. Kanugala S. Raj S. Ganesh Kumar C. Pasupuleti M. Banothu J. Bavantula R. 1,2,3-triazole-thiazole hybrids: Synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm studies. Bioorg Med. Chem. Lett 2021 33 127746 127746 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127746 33333162
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Mansour E. Nassar I.F. Mekawey A.A.I. Mekawey A.A.I. Synthesis of some new pyrazoline-based thiazole derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. Russ J. Bioorganic Chem. 2020 46 3 382 392 10.1134/S1068162020030061
    [Google Scholar]
  14. P, J.J.; S L, M. Novel approach of multi-targeted thiazoles and thiazolidenes toward anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapy—dual inhibition of COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes. Med. Chem. Res. 2021 30 1 236 257 10.1007/s00044‑020‑02655‑9
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Ulusoy N. Kiraz M. Küçükbasmac Ö. New 6-(4-bromophenyl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives: Synthesis and antimicrobial activity. Monatsh Chem. 2002 133 10 1305 1315 10.1007/s007060200108
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Isha; Sachan, N. Design, synthesis and biological assessment of thiazole derivatives as possible antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. J. Pharm. Res. Int. 2021 33 53A 24 32 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53A33635
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mishra I. Chandra P. Sachan N. Thiazole derivatives as RORγt inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking analysis. Lett Drug Des Discov 2024 21 5 905 917 10.2174/1570180820666230217123456
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Manning G. Whyte D.B. Martinez R. Hunter T. Sudarsanam S. The protein kinase complement of the human genome. Science 2002 298 5600 1912 1934 10.1126/science.1075762 12471243
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Singh A. Malhotra D. Singh K. Chadha R. Bedi P.M.S. Thiazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry: Recent advancements in synthetic strategies, structure activity relationship and pharmacological outcomes. J. Mol. Struct. 2022 1266 133479 133479 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133479
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Worachartcheewan A. Pingaew R. Prachayasittikul V. Apiraksattayakul S. Prachayasittikul S. Ruchirawat S. Prachayasittikul V. Synthesis, biological investigation, and in silico studies of 2-aminothiazole sulfonamide derivatives as potential antioxidants. EXCLI J. 2025 24 60 81 10.17179/excli2024‑7855 39967909
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Cui L. Guo J. Wang Z. Zhang J. Li W. Dong J. Liu K. Guo L. Li J. Wang H. Li J. Meloxicam inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated bovine endometrial epithelial cells through Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2023 116 109822 109822 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109822 36750013
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Mrowicka M. Mrowicki J. Dragan G. Majsterek I. The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in humans. Biosci. Rep. 2023 43 10 BSR20230374 10.1042/BSR20230374 37389565
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Calabrese E.J. Calabrese V. Giordano J. Demonstrated hormetic mechanisms putatively subserve riluzole-induced effects in neuroprotection against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Implications for research and clinical practice. Ageing Res. Rev. 2021 67 101273 101273 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101273 33571705
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Jiang J. Wang Y. Deng M. New developments and opportunities in drugs being trialed for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from 2020 to 2022. Front. Pharmacol. 2022 13 1054006 10.3389/fphar.2022.1054006 36518658
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Nikhila G.R. Batakurki S.R. Yallur B.C. Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant studies of benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives. AIP Conf Proc 2020 2274 1 050017 10.1063/5.0023101
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Ouyang Y. Li J. Chen X. Fu X. Sun S. Wu Q. Chalcone derivatives: Role in anticancer therapy. Biomolecules 2021 11 6 894 10.3390/biom11060894 34208562
    [Google Scholar]
  27. WalyEldeen A.A. Sabet S. El-Shorbagy H.M. Abdelhamid I.A. Ibrahim S.A. Chalcones: Promising therapeutic agents targeting key players and signaling pathways regulating the hallmarks of cancer. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2023 369 110297 110297 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110297 36496109
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Claudio Viegas-Junior Claudio Viegas-Junior Danuello A. da Silva Bolzani V. Barreiro E.J. Fraga C.A. Molecular hybridization: A useful tool in the design of new drug prototypes. Curr. Med. Chem. 2007 14 17 1829 1852 10.2174/092986707781058805 17627520
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Grozav A. Porumb I.D. Găină L. Filip L. Hanganu D. Cytotoxicity and antioxidant potential of novel 2-(2-((1h-indol-5yl)methylene)-hydrazinyl)-thiazole derivatives. Molecules 2017 22 2 260 10.3390/molecules22020260 28208774
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Ghanbari Pirbasti F. Mahmoodi N.O. Facile synthesis and biological assays of novel 2,4-disubstituted hydrazinyl-thiazoles analogs. Mol. Divers 2016 20 2 497 506 10.1007/s11030‑015‑9654‑7 26754629
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Chang J. Ding Q. Zhong C. Long Y. Xiao Z. Luo H. Yang Y. Wang Z. Liao S. Chen J. Chen S. Zhang J. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of (E) ω-formylcamphene-based thiazole hydrazone derivatives. J. Renew Mater. 2023 11 1 379 391 10.32604/jrm.2023.022535
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Marc G. Stana A. Tertiş M. Cristea C. Ciorîţă A. Drăgan Ș.M. Toma V.A. Borlan R. Focșan M. Pîrnău A. Vlase L. Oniga S. Oniga O. Discovery of new hydrazone-thiazole polyphenolic antioxidants through computer-aided design and in vitro experimental validation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023 24 17 13277 10.3390/ijms241713277 37686082
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Zelelew D. Endale M. Melaku Y. Kedir F. Demissie T.B. Ombito J.O. Eswaramoorthy R. Synthesis, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of thiazolyl-pyrazoline schiff base hybrids: A combined experimental and computational study. J. Chem. 2022 2022 1 19 10.1155/2022/3717826
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Adole V.A. More R.A. Jagdale B.S. Pawar T.B. Chobe S.S. Efficient synthesis, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxicity study of 2‐(2‐hydrazineyl)thiazole derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2020 5 9 2778 2786 10.1002/slct.201904609
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Nastasă C. Tiperciuc B. Duma M. Benedec D. Oniga O. New hydrazones bearing thiazole scaffold: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, and antioxidant investigation. Molecules 2015 20 9 17325 17338 10.3390/molecules200917325 26393564
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Eggadi V. Kulandaivelu U. Sheshagiri S.B.B. Rao Jupalli V. Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity of thiazole tagged isatin hydrazones. J. Pharm. Chem. 2016 3 2 4 9 10.14805/jphchem.2016.art52
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Lozynskyi A. Zasidko V. Atamanyuk D. Kaminskyy D. Derkach H. Karpenko O. Ogurtsov V. Kutsyk R. Lesyk R. Synthesis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of novel thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles based on aroylacrylic acids. Mol. Divers. 2017 21 2 427 436 10.1007/s11030‑017‑9737‑8 28424934
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Chithra V.S. Brindha J. Mariappan A. Simon T. Abbs Fen Reji T.F. A study on synthesis, antioxidant, anticancer activities and docking study of novel benzimidazoloyl thiazole derivatives. Indian J. Chem. 2023 62 6 10.56042/ijc.v62i6.2514
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Hessein S.A. Labib A.A. Synthesis and studying of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of some novel furocoumarin and benzofuran derivatives containing thiazole moiety. Der Chem. Sinica 2015 6 3 7 14
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Rizk H.F. El-Borai M.A. Ragab A. Ibrahim S.A. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study based on novel fused pyrazolothiazole scaffold. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 2020 17 10 2493 2505 10.1007/s13738‑020‑01944‑9
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Dincel E.D. Gürsoy E. Yilmaz-Ozden T. Ulusoy-Güzeldemirci N. Antioxidant activity of novel imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking study and in silico ADME prediction. Bioorg Chem. 2020 103 104220 104220 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104220 32896742
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Fouad M. Design, synthesis, and antioxidant activity screening of some new thiazole and pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazole derivatives. ChemRxiv 2023 10.26434/chemrxiv‑2023‑557bw
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Joseph J. Janaki G.B. Copper complexes bearing 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives as potential antioxidant: Synthesis, characterization. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 2016 162 86 92 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.030 27344637
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Yapati H. Devineni S.R. Chirumamilla S. Kalluru S. Synthesis, characterization and studies on antioxidant and molecular docking of metal complexes of 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)thiourea. J. Chem. Sci. 2016 128 1 43 51 10.1007/s12039‑015‑0999‑3
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Marufa S.S. Rahman T. Rahman M.M. Rahman M.M. Khan S.J. Jahan R. Nishino H. Alam M.S. Haque M.A. Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and dynamics studies of novel thiazole-Schiff base derivatives containing a fluorene moiety and the assessment of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. RSC Advances 2024 14 47 35198 35214 10.1039/D4RA04197F 39497776
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Noreen S. Sumrra S.H. Aminothiazole-linked metal chelates: Synthesis, density functional theory, and antimicrobial studies with antioxidant correlations. ACS Omega 2021 6 48 33085 33099 10.1021/acsomega.1c05290 34901660
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Lemilemu F. Bitew M. Demissie T.B. Eswaramoorthy R. Endale M. Synthesis, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Thiazole-based Schiff base derivatives: A combined experimental and computational study. BMC Chem. 2021 15 1 67 10.1186/s13065‑021‑00791‑w 34949213
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Harini S.T. Kumar H.V. Rangaswamy J. Naik N. Synthesis of thiazole-based substituted piperidinone oximes: Profiling of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Russ. J. Bioorganic Chem. 2017 43 2 186 196 10.1134/S1068162017020042
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Salar U. Khan K.M. Chigurupati S. Taha M. Wadood A. Vijayabalan S. Ghufran M. Perveen S. New hybrid hydrazinyl thiazole substituted chromones: as potential α-amylase inhibitors and radical (DPPH & ABTS) scavengers. Sci. Rep 2017 7 1 16980 10.1038/s41598‑017‑17261‑w 29209017
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Kaur K. Kumar V. Beniwal V. Kumar V. Kumar N. Sharma V. Jaglan S. Synthesis of some novel oxazolidinone-thiazole hybrids as potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and UV mediated DNA damage protecting agents. Med. Chem. Res. 2016 25 10 2237 2249 10.1007/s00044‑016‑1663‑2
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Hussein A.M. Al Bahir A. Zaki Y.H. Ahmed O.M. Eweas A.F. Elroby S.A. Mohamed M.A. Synthesis, in vitro antioxidant, anticancer activity and molecular docking of new thiazole derivatives. Results Chem. 2024 7 101508 101508 10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101508
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Shaikh S.A. Labhade S.R. Kale R.R. Pachorkar P.Y. Meshram R.J. Jain K.S. Labhade H.S. Bhanushali D.D. More R.A. Nerkar C.K. Chobe S.S. Marathe A.N. Wakchaure S.N. Boraste D.R. Thiadiazole-thiazole derivatives as potent anti-tubercular agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico docking studies. Eur J. Med. Chem. Rep 2024 12 100183 100183 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100183
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Karakaya A. Erçetin T. Acar Çevik U. Özkay Y. Synthesis of novel thiazole derivatives against Alzheimer’s disease and investigation of their cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant properties. Eur. J. Life Sci. 2024 3 3 101 106 10.55971/EJLS.1585832
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Danyliuk I. Kovalenko N. Tolmachova V. Kovtun O. Saliyeva L. Slyvka N. Holota S. Kutrov G. Tsapko M. Vovk M. Synthesis and antioxidant activity evaluation of some new 4-thiomethyl functionalised 1,3-thiazoles. Curr. Chem. Lett 2023 12 4 667 676 10.5267/j.ccl.2023.6.002
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Ruankham W. Pingaew R. Prachayasittikul V. Worachartcheewan A. Sathuphong S. Apiraksattayakul S. Tantimongcolwat T. Prachayasittikul V. Prachayasittikul S. Phopin K. Neuroprotective thiazole sulfonamides against 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonian model: In vitro biological and in silico pharmacokinetic assessments. RSC Advances 2025 15 6 4281 4295 10.1039/D4RA04941A 39931414
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Cornea A.C. Marc G. Ionuț I. Moldovan C. Fizeșan I. Petru A.E. Creștin I.V. Pîrnău A. Vlase L. Oniga O. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity evaluation of some thiazolyl–catechol compounds. Antioxidants 2024 13 8 937 10.3390/antiox13080937 39199183
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Hossan A.S.M. Synthesis, modelling and molecular docking of new 5-arylazo-2-chloroacetamido thiazole derivatives as antioxidant agent. J. Mol. Struct. 2020 1206 127712 127712 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127712
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Haroon M. Akhtar T. Khalid M. Ali S. Zahra S. Ul Haq I. Alhujaily M. C H de B Dias, M.; Cristina Lima Leite, A.; Muhammad, S. Synthesis, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral docking studies of ethyl 2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylates. Z. Naturforsch. C J. Biosci. 2021 76 11-12 467 480 10.1515/znc‑2021‑0042 33901389
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Şahi̇n Z. Bi̇lteki̇n S.N. Yurttaş L. Demi̇rayak Ş. Synthesis, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of novel pyridyl-carbonyl thiazoles as dendrodoine analogs. Turk. J. Chem. 2020 44 6 1733 1741 10.3906/kim‑2008‑8 33488266
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Marc G. Stana A. Franchini A.H. Vodnar D.C. Barta G. Tertiş M. Şanta I. Cristea C. Pîrnău A. Ciorîţă A. Dume B. Toma V.A. Vlase L. Oniga I. Oniga O. Phenolic thiazoles with antioxidant and antiradical activity. Synthesis, in vitro evaluation, toxicity, electrochemical behavior, quantum studies and antimicrobial screening. Antioxidants 2021 10 11 1707 10.3390/antiox10111707 34829578
    [Google Scholar]
  61. U, N.; M, M.; D, T.; Naidu C, K.; y, S.; v, P.; A, P. Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of di(indolyl)thiazolylpyrazoles. Med. Chem. 2017 7 11 10.4172/2161‑0444.1000477
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Kamble V. Habade B. Bendgude R. Synthesis and antioxidant study of 4-(1- benzofuran-2-yl)-1,3-thiazole-2-amine and its derivatives. Int. J. Pharma Sci. 2025 3 2 891 897 10.5281/ZENODO.14860230
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Matta R. Pochampally J. Dhoddi B.N. Bhookya S. Bitla S. Akkiraju A.G. Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of triazole, pyrazole containing thiazole derivatives and molecular docking studies on COVID-19. BMC Chem. 2023 17 1 61 10.1186/s13065‑023‑00965‑8 37330518
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Afifi O.S. Shaaban O.G. Abd El Razik H.A. Shams El-Dine S.E.D.A. Ashour F.A. El-Tombary A.A. Abu-Serie M.M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of purine-pyrazole hybrids incorporating thiazole, thiazolidinone or rhodanine moiety as 15-LOX inhibitors endowed with anticancer and antioxidant potential. Bioorg. Chem. 2019 87 821 837 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.076 30999135
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Kaddouri Y. Abrigach F. Yousfi E.B. El Kodadi M. Touzani R. New thiazole, pyridine and pyrazole derivatives as antioxidant candidates: Synthesis, DFT calculations and molecular docking study. Heliyon 2020 6 1 e03185 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03185 31956713
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Abdellatif K.R.A. Abdelgawad M.A. Elshemy H.A.H. Kahk N.M. El Amir D.M. Design, synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer activity of new coumarin derivatives linked with thiazole, isoxazole or pyrazole moiety. Lett Drug Des Discov 2017 14 7 10.2174/1570180813666161026153743
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Santos N.F.N. Junior N.S.B. de Oliveira J.F. Duarte D.M.F.A. dos Santos Soares J.C. Clara Marques D.S. da Silva Santos A.C. Nogueira F. Alves Pereira V.R. Alves de Lima M.C. da Cruz Filho I.J. Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and antiparasitic activities new naphthyl-thiazole derivatives. Exp. Parasitol. 2023 248 108498 108498 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108498 36907541
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Acar Çevik U. Ercetin T. Design, synthesis and evaluation of pyrrol-thiazole derivatives as AChE and BuChE inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Cumhur Sci. J. 2023 44 4 625 628 10.17776/csj.1255826
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Kashid G.A. Singh S.K. Saravanan J. Synthesis and QSAR study of novel thiazole moieties having antioxidant activity. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2018 9 5363 5372
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Fadda A.A. Tawfik E.H. Selim Y.A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new thiophene, thiazole, dithiolane derivatives and related compounds. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020 40 5 1445 1458 10.1080/10406638.2018.1555174
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Łączkowski K.Z. Biernasiuk A. Baranowska-Łączkowska A. Zavyalova O. Redka M. Malm A. Synthesis, lipophilicity determination, DFT calculation, antifungal and DPPH radical scavenging activities of tetrahydrothiophen-3-one based thiazoles. J. Mol. Struct. 2018 1171 717 725 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.065
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Khamees H.A. Mohammed Y.H.E. Swamynayaka A. Al-Ostoot F.H. Sert Y. Alghamdi S. Khanum S.A. Madegowda M. Molecular structure, DFT, vibrational spectra with fluorescence effect, hirshfeld surface, docking simulation and antioxidant activity of thiazole derivative. ChemistrySelect 2019 4 15 4544 4558 10.1002/slct.201900646
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Rahul R. Jat R.K. Saravanan J. Synthesis, and in vitro antioxidant activity of novel 1, 3, 4- oxadiazole-2-thione. J. Innov. Pharm. Biol. Sci. 2016 3 3 114 122
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Bhaskara Reddy M.V. Srinivasulu D. Peddanna K. Apparao C. Ramesh P. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of new thiazole analogues possessing urea, thiourea, and selenourea functionality. Synth Commun 2015 45 22 2592 2600 10.1080/00397911.2015.1095929
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Djukic M. Fesatidou M. Xenikakis I. Geronikaki A. Angelova V.T. Savic V. Pasic M. Krilovic B. Djukic D. Gobeljic B. Pavlica M. Djuric A. Stanojevic I. Vojvodic D. Saso L. In vitro antioxidant activity of thiazolidinone derivatives of 1,3-thiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2018 286 119 131 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.03.013 29574026
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Mali R.D. Popat Ghuhe A. Murlidhar Khairnar N. Milind Kothawade S. In silico study, molecular docking and synthesis of 2-amino thiazole derivatives using green chemistry approach as antioxidant agent. Asian J. Org Med. Chem. 2023 7 4 280 286 10.14233/ajomc.2022.ajomc‑p402
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Wang L. Li X. Men X. Liu X. Luo J. Research progress on antioxidants and protein aggregation inhibitors in cataract prevention and therapy (Review). Mol. Med. Rep. 2024 31 1 22 10.3892/mmr.2024.13387 39513587
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Arshad M.F. Alam A. Alshammari A.A. Alhazza M.B. Alzimam I.M. Alam M.A. Mustafa G. Ansari M.S. Alotaibi A.M. Alotaibi A.A. Kumar S. Asdaq S.M.B. Imran M. Deb P.K. Venugopala K.N. Jomah S. Thiazole: A versatile standalone moiety contributing to the development of various drugs and biologically active agents. Molecules 2022 27 13 3994 10.3390/molecules27133994 35807236
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Koshelev V.N. Primerova O.V. Vorobyev S.V. Stupnikova A.S. Ivanova L.V. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of novel thiazole and thiazolidinone derivatives with phenolic fragments. Appl. Sci. 2023 13 24 13112 10.3390/app132413112
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Cancela S. Minini L. Mourglia-Ettlin G. Merlino A. Lavaggi M.L. Hernández P. Novel thiazole-nitrone hybrids as innovative neuroprotective agents with antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Results Chem. 2025 16 102414 102414 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102414
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Cenik Y.A. Sarıgüney A.B. Erci F. Coşkun A. Synthesis, antimicrobial, and antioxidant evaluation of some new thiazole‐schiff base derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2024 9 44 e202402565 10.1002/slct.202402565
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Ungureanu D. Marc G. Tiperciuc B. Moldovan C. Ionuț I. Stana A. Oniga I. Vlase L. Pîrnău A. Oniga O. Novel 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-thiazole-coumarin hybrid compounds: Synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluation of their antioxidant activity. Antioxidants 2025 14 6 636 10.3390/antiox14060636 40563271
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Gomaa H.A.M. Atta A.M. Shaker M.E. Alzarea S.I. Alsahli T.G. Alatwi E. Musa A. Mohamed F.A.M. Alzahrani H.A. Mohassab A.M. Abdelmoez A. Bräse S. Youssif B.G.M. Design, synthesis, and biological investigation of new thiazole-based derivatives as multi-targeted inhibitors endowed with antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Front Chem. 2025 13 1595997 10.3389/fchem.2025.1595997 40395767
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Gangurde K.B. More R.A. Adole V.A. Rajesh R. Mali S.N. Gurav S.S. Ghotekar D.S. Thiazole derivatives as promising antimicrobial and antioxidant agents: Insights from synthesis, bioactivity, and computational studies. J. Sulphur Chem. 2025 46 4 673 698 10.1080/17415993.2025.2488851
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/ctmc/10.2174/0115680266398772251028104003
Loading
Thiazole-Based Antioxidants: Pioneering a Decade of Therapeutic Advances
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266398772251028104003
/content/journals/ctmc/10.2174/0115680266398772251028104003
/content/journals/ctmc/10.2174/0115680266398772251028104003
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: Radical scavenging ; SAR ; Heterocyclic ; Antioxidant ; Mode of action ; Thiazole derivatives

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test