Skip to content
2000
image of A Review of Research from 2012 to 2024 on Pyrazole-based Anticancer Agents with SAR Study

Abstract

The field of cancer research has witnessed a surge in the exploration of novel therapeutic agents, with pyrazole derivatives emerging as promising candidates in the quest for effective anticancer treatments. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the research landscape surrounding pyrazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents over the period from 2012 to 2024. Many synthetic pyrazole derivatives have been approved by the FDA and used as chemotherapeutic medicines, and some are under clinical trials, also reported in this article. The review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, guiding future investigations and fostering the development of innovative pyrazole-based anticancer therapeutics.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/ctmc/10.2174/0115680266370083250530180225
2025-06-10
2025-10-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Fymat A.L. Major recent developments in cancer treatment. Cancer Ther. Oncol. Int. J. 2021 18 2 10.19080/CTOIJ.2021.18.555982
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Harding M.C. Sloan C.D. Merrill R.M. Harding T.M. Thacker B.J. Thacker E.L. Transitions from heart disease to cancer as the leading cause of death in US States, 1999-2016. Prev. Chronic Dis. 2018 15 12 180151 10.5888/pcd15.180151 30576276
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Kumar A. Singh A.K. Singh H. Vijayan V. Kumar D. Naik J. Thareja S. Yadav J.P. Pathak P. Grishina M. Verma A. Khalilullah H. Jaremko M. Emwas A.H. Kumar P. Nitrogen containing heterocycles as anticancer agents: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Pharmaceuticals 2023 16 2 299 10.3390/ph16020299 37259442
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Ríos M.C. Portilla J. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Pyrazoles. Chemistry 2022 4 940 968 10.3390/chemistry4030065
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Ameziane El Hassani I. Rouzi K. Assila H. Karrouchi K. Ansar M. Recent advances in the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives: A review. Reactions 2023 4 3 478 504 10.3390/reactions4030029
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Gurdeep Chandra P. Sachan N. Chemistry and pharmacological activities of pyrazole and pyrazole derivatives: A review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2020 65 1 201 214 10.47583/ijpsrr.2020.v65i01.030
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Kumar V. Kaur K. Gupta G.K. Sharma A.K. Pyrazole containing natural products: Synthetic preview and biological significance. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2013 69 735 753 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.053 24099993
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Kumar K.A. Jayaroopa P. Pyrazoles: Synthetic strategies and their pharmaceutical applications-An overview. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res. 2013 5 4 1473 1486
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Huang H.S. Wang R. Chen W.J. Chen J.Z. Gong S.S. Sun Q. The first chemical synthesis of pyrazofurin 5′-triphosphate. Tetrahedron Lett. 2018 59 37 3423 3427 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.008
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kalasuba K. Miranti M. Rahayuningsih S.R. Safriansyah W. Syamsuri R.R.P. Farabi K. Oktavia D. Alhasnawi A.N. Doni F. Red mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.)—A review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and prospects. Plants 2023 12 11 2196 10.3390/plants12112196 37299175
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Santos N.E. Carreira A.R.F. Silva V.L.M. Braga S.S. Natural and biomimetic antitumor pyrazoles, a perspective. Molecules 2020 25 6 1364 10.3390/molecules25061364 32192149
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kikuchi T. Ikedaya A. Toda A. Ikushima K. Yamakawa T. Okada R. Yamada T. Tanaka R. Pyrazole alkaloids from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds. Phytochem. Lett. 2015 12 94 97 10.1016/j.phytol.2015.02.017
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Rosemeyer H. Knies C. Hammerbacher K. Bender E. Bonaterra G.A. Hannen R. Bartsch J.W. Nimsky C. Kinscherf R. Nucleolipids of the nucleoside antibiotics formycins A and B: Synthesis and biomedical characterization particularly using glioblastoma cells. Chem. Biodivers. 2019 16 4 e1900012 10.1002/cbdv.201900012 30773842
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Riera N. Davyt D. Durán R. Iraola G. Lemanceau P. Bajsa N. An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens CFBP2392 with antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Front. Microbiol. 2023 14 1286926 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286926 38033591
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Zhang Y. Wu C. Zhang N. Fan R. Ye Y. Xu J. Recent advances in the development of pyrazole derivatives as anticancer agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023 24 16 12724 10.3390/ijms241612724 37628906
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Sharma R. Chawla P.A. Chawla V. Verma R. Nawal N. Gupta V. A therapeutic journey of 5-pyrazolones as a versatile scaffold: A review. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 2021 21 13 1770 1795 10.2174/1389557521999210101224058 33397258
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Bennani F.E. Doudach L. Cherrah Y. Ramli Y. Karrouchi K. Ansar M. Faouzi M.E.A. Overview of recent developments of pyrazole derivatives as an anticancer agent in different cell line. Bioorg. Chem. 2020 97 103470 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103470 32120072
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Mor S. Khatri M. punia R. Sindhu S. Recent progress in anticancer agents incorporating pyrazole scaffold. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 2022 22 1 115 163 10.2174/1389557521666210325115218 33823764
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Kamel M.G. Sroor F.M. Hanafy M.K.H. Mahrous K.F. Hassaneen H.M. Design, synthesis and potent anti-pancreatic cancer activity of new pyrazole derivatives bearing chalcone, thiazole and thiadiazole moieties: gene expression, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest and SAR. RSC Advances 2024 14 37 26954 26970 10.1039/D4RA03005B 39193301
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Rokkam S.K. Bhujel M. Jain D. Sripada L. Nanduri S. Bajaj A. Golakoti N.R. Synthesis of novel pyrazole acetals of andrographolide and isoandrographolide as potent anticancer agents. RSC Advances 2024 14 36 26625 26636 10.1039/D4RA00547C 39175689
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Yasser N. Sroor F.M. El-Shorbagy H.M. Eissa S.M. Hassaneen H.M. Abdelhamid I.A. Synthesis, anticancer evaluation of novel hybrid pyrazole-based chalcones, molecular docking, DNA fragmentation, and gene expression: In vitro studies. RSC Advances 2024 14 30 21859 21873 10.1039/D4RA03375B 38984258
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Ashour G.R.S. Qarah A.F. Alrefaei A.F. Alalawy A.I. Alsoliemy A. Alqahtani A.M. Alamoudi W.M. El-Metwaly N.M. Synthesis, modeling, and biological studies of new thiazole-pyrazole analogues as anticancer agents. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2023 27 4 101669 10.1016/j.jscs.2023.101669
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Badithapuram V. Kumar Nukala S. Dasari G. Swamy Thirukovela N. Bandari S. Synthesis of some new phthalazine-piperazine-pyrazole conjugates; in vitro anti-cancer, ADMET and molecular docking studies. ChemistrySelect 2023 8 10 e202204329 10.1002/slct.202204329
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Reddy V.G. Reddy T.S. Jadala C. Reddy M.S. Sultana F. Akunuri R. Bhargava S.K. Wlodkowic D. Srihari P. Kamal A. Pyrazolo-benzothiazole hybrids: Synthesis, anticancer properties and evaluation of antiangiogenic activity using in vitro VEGFR-2 kinase and in vivo transgenic zebrafish model. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2019 182 111609 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111609 31445229
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Zhong L. Li Y. Xiong L. Wang W. Wu M. Yuan T. Yang W. Tian C. Miao Z. Wang T. Yang S. Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: Advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 2021 6 1 201 10.1038/s41392‑021‑00572‑w 34054126
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Li Petri G. Pecoraro C. Randazzo O. Zoppi S. Cascioferro S.M. Parrino B. Carbone D. El Hassouni B. Cavazzoni A. Zaffaroni N. Cirrincione G. Diana P. Peters G.J. Giovannetti E. New Imidazo[2,1- b ][1,3,4]Thiadiazole derivatives inhibit FAK phosphorylation and potentiate the antiproliferative effects of gemcitabine through modulation of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 in peritoneal mesothelioma. Anticancer Res. 2020 40 9 4913 4919 10.21873/anticanres.14494 32878779
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Nehra B. Kumar M. Chawla P.A. Chawla V. Therapeutic potential of natural metabolites coupled pyrazole and its bio‐isosteres: Medicinal perspectives and SAR studies. ChemistrySelect 2024 9 13 e202400419 10.1002/slct.202400419
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Nitulescu G.M. Stancov G. Seremet O.C. Nitulescu G. Mihai D.P. Duta-Bratu C.G. Barbuceanu S.F. Olaru O.T. The importance of the pyrazole scaffold in the design of protein kinases inhibitors as targeted anticancer therapies. Molecules 2023 28 14 5359 10.3390/molecules28145359 37513232
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Adhikari S. Singh M. Sharma P. Arora S. Pyrazolones as a potential anticancer scaffold: Recent trends and future perspectives. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2021 11 Suppl. 1 26 37
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Borrego E.A. Guerena C.D. Schiaffino Bustamante A.Y. Gutierrez D.A. Valenzuela C.A. Betancourt A.P. Varela-Ramirez A. Aguilera R.J. A novel pyrazole exhibits potent anticancer cytotoxicity via apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of tubulin polymerization in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cells 2024 13 14 1225 10.3390/cells13141225 39056806
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Wijnen R. Pecoraro C. Carbone D. Fiuji H. Avan A. Peters G.J. Giovannetti E. Diana P. Cyclin dependent kinase-1 (CDK-1) inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Cancers 2021 13 17 4389 10.3390/cancers13174389 34503199
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Lusardi M. Spallarossa A. Brullo C. Amino-pyrazoles in medicinal chemistry: A review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023 24 9 7834 10.3390/ijms24097834 37175540
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Salem M.G. Nafie M.S. Elzamek A.A. Elshihawy H.A. Sofan M.A. Negm E. Design, synthesis, and biological investigations of new pyrazole derivatives as VEGFR2/CDK-2 inhibitors targeting liver cancer. BMC Chem. 2024 18 1 208 10.1186/s13065‑024‑01314‑z 39449145
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Hafez H. El-Gazzar A.R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N- Pyrazolyl derivatives and pyrazolopyrimidine bearing a biologically active sulfonamide moiety as potential antimicrobial agent. Molecules 2016 21 9 1156 10.3390/molecules21091156 27589717
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Liu G.N. Luo R.H. Zhou Y. Zhang X.J. Li J. Yang L.M. Zheng Y.T. Liu H. Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activity evaluation for novel 3a,6a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione derivatives. Molecules 2016 21 9 1198 1209 10.3390/molecules21091198 27617994
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Angelova V.T. Valcheva V. Pencheva T. Voynikov Y. Vassilev N. Mihaylova R. Momekov G. Shivachev B. Synthesis, antimycobacterial activity and docking study of 2-aroyl-[1]benzopyrano[4,3- c ]pyrazol-4(1 H )-one derivatives and related hydrazide-hydrazones. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2017 27 13 2996 3002 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.011 28512022
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Yamamoto S. Tomita N. Suzuki Y. Suzaki T. Kaku T. Hara T. Yamaoka M. Kanzaki N. Hasuoka A. Baba A. Ito M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 4-arylmethyl-1-phenylpyrazole and 4-aryloxy-1-phenylpyrazole derivatives as novel androgen receptor antagonists. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2012 20 7 2338 2352 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.02.005 22391033
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Singh D.K. Kulshreshtha M. Kumar Y. Chawla P.A. Ved A. Shukla K.S. Design, synthesis, characterization and in silico molecular docking studies and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of pyrazoline clubbed thiazolinone derivatives. Lett. Org. Chem. 2021 18 9 735 748 10.2174/1570178617999201106113114
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Bansal G. Singh S. Monga V. Thanikachalam P.V. Chawla P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazolidine-2,4-dione-pyrazole conjugates as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Bioorg. Chem. 2019 92 103271 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103271 31536952
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Hernández-Vázquez E. Salgado-Barrera S. Ramírez-Espinosa J.J. Estrada-Soto S. Hernández-Luis F. Synthesis and molecular docking of N′-arylidene-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazides as novel hypoglycemic and antioxidant dual agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2016 24 10 2298 2306 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.007 27079123
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Viveka S. Dinesha Shama P. Nagaraja G.K. Ballav S. Kerkar S. Design and synthesis of some new pyrazolyl-pyrazolines as potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2015 101 442 451 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.002 26186150
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Camargo J.N.A. Pianoski K.E. dos Santos M.G. Lazarin-Bidóia D. Volpato H. Moura S. Nakamura C.V. Rosa F.A. Antiparasitic behavior of trifluoromethylated pyrazole 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole hybrids and their analogues: Synthesis and structure-activity relationship. Front. Pharmacol. 2020 11 591570 10.3389/fphar.2020.591570 33117181
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Pottoo F.H. Joseph A. Das S. Akbar S. Ahmed B. Dewangan R.P. Iqubal M.K. Iqubal A. Chawla P. Recent advancement of pyrazole scaffold based neuroprotective agents: A review. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets 2022 21 10 940 951 10.2174/1871527320666210602152308 34080970
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Sharma H. Chawla P.A. Bhatia R. 1, 3, 5-pyrazoline derivatives in CNS disorders: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural insights through molecular docking. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets 2020 19 6 448 465 10.2174/1871527319999200818182249 32811418
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Singh B. Sachan N. Chawla P. Synthesis and pharmacological screening of novel 1, 3-disubstituted 5-pyrazolones as anticonvulsant agents. Curr. Bioact. Compd. 2014 9 4 279 287 10.2174/1573407210666140307011414
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Shome A. Chawla P.A. Rangra N.K. Eyupoglu V. Rawat R. Molecular field analysis and dynamic simulation studies of 1, 5-disubstituted pyrazoline-based mao-a inhibitors for the management of depression. Indian drugs 2024 61 1 18 37 10.53879/id.61.01.14236
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Siddhartha T. Syntheses and antioxidant screening of pyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde derivatives. IJRPS. 2012 2 3 81 96
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Matiadis D. Sagnou M. Pyrazoline hybrids as promising anticancer agents: An up-to-date overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020 21 15 5507 10.3390/ijms21155507 32752126
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Ardiansah B. Recent reports on pyrazole-based bioactive compounds as candidate for anticancer agents. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 2017 10 12 45 51 10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.22065
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Huang X.F. Lu X. Zhang Y. Song G.Q. He Q.L. Li Q.S. Yang X.H. Wei Y. Zhu H.L. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of N-((1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)aniline derivatives as novel anticancer agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2012 20 16 4895 4900 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.06.056 22819191
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Puthiyapurayil P. Poojary B. Chikkanna C. Buridipad S.K. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole bearing N-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl pyrazole moiety as cytotoxic agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2012 53 203 210 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.056 22542958
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Shamsuzzaman S.T. Siddiqui T. Alam M.G. Dar A.M. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer studies of new steroidal oxadiazole, pyrrole and pyrazole derivatives. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2015 19 4 387 391 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.04.009
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Bai X.G. Yu D.K. Wang J.X. Zhang H. He H.W. Shao R.G. Li X.M. Wang Y.C. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of 1-acyl-3-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2012 22 22 6947 6951 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.117 23036956
    [Google Scholar]
  54. El-borai M.A. Rizk H.F. Abd-Aal M.F. El-Deeb I.Y. Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines under microwave irradiation in multi-component reactions and their antitumor and antimicrobial activities – Part 1. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2012 48 92 96 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.038 22178093
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Metwally M.A. Gouda M.A. Harmal A.N. Khalil A.M. Synthesis, antitumor, cytotoxic and antioxidant evaluation of some new pyrazolotriazines attached to antipyrine moiety. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2012 56 254 262 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.034 23022735
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Shen S.L. Zhu J. Li M. Zhao B.X. Miao J.Y. Synthesis of ferrocenyl pyrazole-containing chiral aminoethanol derivatives and their inhibition against A549 and H322 lung cancer cells. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2012 54 287 294 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.05.008 22683243
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Kamal A. Shaik A.B. Jain N. Kishor C. Nagabhushana A. Supriya B. Bharath Kumar G. Chourasiya S.S. Suresh Y. Mishra R.K. Addlagatta A. Design and synthesis of pyrazole–oxindole conjugates targeting tubulin polymerization as new anticancer agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2015 92 501 513 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.077 25599948
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Çalışkan B. Yılmaz A. Evren İ. Menevşe S. Uludag O. Banoglu E. Synthesis and evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of new pyrazole-3(5)-carboxylic acid derivatives. Med. Chem. Res. 2013 22 2 782 793 10.1007/s00044‑012‑0072‑4
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Koca İ. Özgür A. Coşkun K.A. Tutar Y. Synthesis and anticancer activity of acyl thioureas bearing pyrazole moiety. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2013 21 13 3859 3865 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.021 23664495
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Sun J. Lv X.H. Qiu H.Y. Wang Y.T. Du Q.R. Li D.D. Yang Y.H. Zhu H.L. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of pyrazole derivatives coupling with a thiourea moiety as novel CDKs inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2013 68 1 9 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.003 23933045
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Kumar J.A. Saidachary G. Mallesham G. Sridhar B. Jain N. Kalivendi S.V. Rao V.J. Raju B.C. Synthesis, anticancer activity and photophysical properties of novel substituted 2-oxo-2H-chromenylpyrazolecarboxylates. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2013 65 389 402 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.042 23748152
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Kumar V. Kaur K. Gupta G.K. Sharma A.K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1-arylethanones: antibacterial, DNA photocleavage, and anticancer activities. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2014 81 267 276 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.004 24849271
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Li S. Xu S. Tang Y. Ding S. Zhang J. Wang S. Zhou G. Zhou C. Li X. Synthesis, anticancer activity and DNA-binding properties of novel 4-pyrazolyl-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2014 24 2 586 590 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.014 24370011
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Cankara Pirol Ş. Çalışkan B. Durmaz İ. Atalay R. Banoglu E. Synthesis and preliminary mechanistic evaluation of 5-(p-tolyl)-1-(quinolin-2-yl)pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid amides with potent antiproliferative activity on human cancer cell lines. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2014 87 140 149 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.056 25247770
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Grosse S. Mathieu V. Pillard C. Massip S. Marchivie M. Jarry C. Bernard P. Kiss R. Guillaumet G. New imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles as anticancer agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure activity relationship analysis. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2014 84 718 730 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.057 25064349
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Ali A.R. El-Bendary E.R. Ghaly M.A. Shehata I.A. Synthesis, in vitro anticancer evaluation and in silico studies of novel imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives bearing pyrazole moieties. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2014 75 492 500 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.010 24576591
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Srinivasa Reddy T. Kulhari H. Ganga Reddy V. Subba Rao A.V. Bansal V. Kamal A. Shukla R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo–triazole hybrids as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2015 13 40 10136 10149 10.1039/C5OB00842E 26346902
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Abd El-Karim S.S. Anwar M.M. Mohamed N.A. Nasr T. Elseginy S.A. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel benzofuran–pyrazole derivatives as anticancer agents. Bioorg. Chem. 2015 63 1 12 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.08.006 26368040
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Vaarla K. Kesharwani R.K. Santosh K. Vedula R.R. Kotamraju S. Toopurani M.K. Synthesis, biological activity evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel coumarin substituted thiazolyl-3-aryl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2015 25 24 5797 5803 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.042 26542964
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Shi J.B. Tang W.J. qi X.B. Li R. Liu X.H. Novel pyrazole-5-carboxamide and pyrazole–pyrimidine derivatives: Synthesis and anticancer activity. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2015 90 889 896 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.013 25554922
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Reddy T.S. Kulhari H. Reddy V.G. Bansal V. Kamal A. Shukla R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3-diphenyl-1 H -pyrazole derivatives containing benzimidazole skeleton as potential anticancer and apoptosis inducing agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2015 101 790 805 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.031 26231080
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Alam R. Wahi D. Singh R. Sinha D. Tandon V. Grover A. Rahisuddin Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, HuTopoIIα inhibitory activity and molecular docking studies of pyrazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg. Chem. 2016 69 77 90 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.10.001 27744115
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Srinivasa Reddy T. Ganga Reddy V. Kulhari H. Shukla R. Kamal A. Bansal V. Synthesis of ( Z )-1-(1,3-diphenyl-1 H -pyrazol-4-yl)-3-(phenylamino)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives as potential anticancer and apoptosis inducing agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2016 117 157 166 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.051 27092413
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Dai H. Ge S. Li G. Chen J. Shi Y. Ye L. Ling Y. Synthesis and bioactivities of novel pyrazole oxime derivatives containing a 1,2,3-thiadiazole moiety. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2016 26 18 4504 4507 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.068 27503679
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Hafez H.N. El-Gazzar A.R.B.A. Al-Hussain S.A. Novel pyrazole derivatives with oxa/thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl moieties and pyrazolo[4,3-d]-pyrimidine derivatives as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2016 26 10 2428 2433 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.117 27080187
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Rahmouni A. Souiei S. Belkacem M.A. Romdhane A. Bouajila J. Ben Jannet H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolopyrimidines derivatives as anticancer and anti-5-lipoxygenase agents. Bioorg. Chem. 2016 66 160 168 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.05.001 27179178
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Alam R. Alam M.A. Panda A.K. Uddin R. Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel ( E )-3-(3-aryl-1-phenyl-1 H -pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones as anticancer agents. Heterocycl. Commun. 2016 22 4 221 225 10.1515/hc‑2016‑0042
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Wang F.Q. Yang H. He B. Jia Y.K. Meng S.Y. Zhang C. Liu H-M. Liu F-W. A novel domino approach for synthesis of indolyl tetrahydropyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole derivatives as anticancer agents. Tetrahedron 2016 72 38 5769 5775 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.078
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Fahmy H. Khalifa N. Ismail M. El-Sahrawy H. Nossier E. Biological validation of novel polysubstituted pyrazole candidates with in vitro anticancer activities. Molecules 2016 21 3 271 10.3390/molecules21030271 26927048
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Bakr R. Mehany A. (3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-[4-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamino)phenyl]methanone. Molbank 2016 2016 4 M915 10.3390/M915
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Alam R. Alam A. Panda A.K. Rahisuddin Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of pyrazolyl pyrazoline and pyrazolyl aminopyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Med. Chem. Res. 2018 27 2 560 570 10.1007/s00044‑017‑2082‑8
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Singla P. Luxami V. Singh R. Tandon V. Paul K. Novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine with 4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-phenylamine as broad spectrum anticancer agents: Synthesis, cell based assay, topoisomerase inhibition, DNA intercalation and bovine serum albumin studies. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2017 126 24 35 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.093 27744184
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Ravula P. Vamaraju H.B. Paturi M. Sharath Chandra J.N.G.N. Design, synthesis, in silico and antiproliferative evaluation of novel pyrazole derivatives as VEGFR‐2 inhibitors. Arch. Pharm. 2018 351 1 1700234 10.1002/ardp.201700234 29205467
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Abdallah MA Gomha SM Abbas IM Kazem MSH Alterary SS Mabkhot YN An efficient synthesis of novel pyrazole-based heterocycles as potential antitumor agents. Appl. Sci. 2017 7 8 785 10.3390/app7080785
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Mahal A. Wu P. Jiang Z.H. Wei X. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel tetrahydrocurcumin derivatives bearing pyrazole moiety. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. 2017 7 6 461 469 10.1007/s13659‑017‑0143‑9 29094265
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Wang Y.T. Shi T.Q. Zhu H.L. Liu C.H. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of benzimidazole grafted benzsulfamide-containing pyrazole ring derivatives as novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2019 27 3 502 515 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.031 30606674
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Gaber A.A. Bayoumi A.H. El-morsy A.M. Sherbiny F.F. Mehany A.B.M. Eissa I.H. Design, synthesis and anticancer evaluation of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent EGFRWT and EGFRT790M inhibitors and apoptosis inducers. Bioorg. Chem. 2018 80 375 395 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.017 29986185
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Harras M.F. Sabour R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazole derivatives as potential chemotherapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioorg. Chem. 2018 78 149 157 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.014 29567429
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Nossier E.S. Abd El-Karim S.S. Khalifa N.M. El-Sayed A.S. Hassan E.S.I. El-Hallouty S.M. Kinase inhibitory activities and molecular docking of a novel series of anticancer pyrazole derivatives. Molecules 2018 23 12 3074 10.3390/molecules23123074 30477238
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Hura N. Naaz A. Prassanawar S.S. Guchhait S.K. Panda D. Drug-clinical agent molecular hybrid: Synthesis of diaryl(trifluoromethyl)pyrazoles as tubulin targeting anticancer agents. ACS Omega 2018 3 2 1955 1969 10.1021/acsomega.7b01784 30023819
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Metwally N.H. Deeb E.A. Synthesis, anticancer assessment on human breast, liver and colon carcinoma cell lines and molecular modeling study using novel pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine derivatives. Bioorg. Chem. 2018 77 203 214 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.032 29367077
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Dai H. Ge S. Guo J. Chen S. Huang M. Yang J. Sun S. Ling Y. Shi Y. Development of novel bis-pyrazole derivatives as antitumor agents with potent apoptosis induction effects and DNA damage. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2018 143 1066 1076 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.098 29232583
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Shaaban O.G. Abd El Razik H.A. A Shams El-Dine S.E.D. Ashour F.A. El-Tombary A.A. Afifi O.S. Abu-Serie M.M. Purines and triazolo[4,3-e]purines containing pyrazole moiety as potential anticancer and antioxidant agents. Future Med. Chem. 2018 10 12 1449 1464 10.4155/fmc‑2017‑0227 29788781
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Abbas H.A.S. Abd El-Karim S.S. Design, synthesis and anticervical cancer activity of new benzofuran–pyrazol-hydrazono- thiazolidin-4-one hybrids as potential EGFR inhibitors and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg. Chem. 2019 89 103035 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103035 31200286
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Ran F. Liu Y. Zhang D. Liu M. Zhao G. Discovery of novel pyrazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents in MCL. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2019 29 9 1060 1064 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.005 30857748
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Cui Y.J. Tang L.Q. Zhang C.M. Liu Z.P. Synthesis of novel pyrazole derivatives and their tumor cell growth inhibitory activity. Molecules 2019 24 2 279 10.3390/molecules24020279 30642134
    [Google Scholar]
  97. A El-Sayed A. E Amr A.E. K El-Ziaty A. A Elsayed E. Cytotoxic effects of newly synthesized heterocyclic candidates containing nicotinonitrile and pyrazole moieties on hepatocellular and cervical carcinomas. Molecules 2019 24 10 1965 10.3390/molecules24101965 31121825
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Maher M. Kassab A.E. Zaher A.F. Mahmoud Z. Novel pyrazolo[3,4- d ]pyrimidines: Design, synthesis, anticancer activity, dual EGFR/ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitory activity, effects on cell cycle profile and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 2019 34 1 532 546 10.1080/14756366.2018.1564046 30688116
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Ali G.M.E. Ibrahim D.A. Elmetwali A.M. Ismail N.S.M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of certain CDK2 inhibitors based on pyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine scaffold with apoptotic activity. Bioorg. Chem. 2019 86 1 14 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.008 30682722
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Elbastawesy M.A.I. Aly A.A. Ramadan M. Elshaier Y.A.M.M. Youssif B.G.M. Brown A.B. El-Din A Abuo-Rahma G. Novel Pyrazoloquinolin-2-ones: Design, synthesis, docking studies, and biological evaluation as antiproliferative EGFR-TK inhibitors. Bioorg. Chem. 2019 90 103045 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103045 31212178
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Hassan A.Y. Mohamed M.A. Abdel-Aziem A. Hussain A.O. Synthesis and anticancer activity of some fused heterocyclic compounds containing pyrazole ring. Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. 2020 40 4 1280 1290 10.1080/10406638.2020.1764984
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Ibrahim T.S. Hawwas M.M. Taher E.S. Alhakamy N.A. Alfaleh M.A. Elagawany M. Elgendy B. Zayed G.M. Mohamed M.F.A. Abdel-Samii Z.K. Elshaier Y.A.M.M. Design and synthesis of novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one bearing quinoline scaffold as potent dual PDE5 inhibitors and apoptotic inducers for cancer therapy. Bioorg. Chem. 2020 105 104352 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104352 33080494
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Nawaz F. Alam O. Perwez A. Rizvi M.A. Naim M.J. Siddiqui N. Pottoo F.H. Jha M. 3′‐(4‐(Benzyloxy)phenyl)‐1′‐phenyl‐5‐(heteroaryl/aryl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐1′ H, 2 H ‐[3,4′‐bipyrazole]‐2‐carboxamides as EGFR kinase inhibitors: Synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and molecular docking studies. Arch. Pharm. 2020 353 4 1900262 10.1002/ardp.201900262 32003485
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Zheng Y.G. Wang J.A. Meng L. Pei X. Zhang L. An L. Li C.L. Miao Y.L. Design, synthesis, biological activity evaluation of 3-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives as potent JAK 2/3 and aurora A/B kinases multi-targeted inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2021 209 112934 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112934 33109396
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Dawood D.H. Nossier E.S. Ali M.M. Mahmoud A.E. Synthesis and molecular docking study of new pyrazole derivatives as potent anti-breast cancer agents targeting VEGFR-2 kinase. Bioorg. Chem. 2020 101 103916 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103916 32559576
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Sivaramakarthikeyan R. Iniyaval S. Saravanan V. Lim W.M. Mai C.W. Ramalingan C. Molecular hybrids integrated with benzimidazole and pyrazole structural motifs: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies. ACS Omega 2020 5 17 10089 10098 10.1021/acsomega.0c00630 32391496
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Ashok D. Ram Reddy M. Nagaraju N. Dharavath R. Ramakrishna K. Gundu S. Shravani P. Sarasija M. Microwave-assisted synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative activity of some novel 1,2,3-triazole-based pyrazole aldehydes and their benzimidazole derivatives. Med. Chem. Res. 2020 29 4 699 706 10.1007/s00044‑020‑02515‑6
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Saleh N.M. El-Gazzar M.G. Aly H.M. Othman R.A. Novel anticancer fused pyrazole derivatives as EGFR and VEGFR-2 dual TK inhibitors. Front Chem. 2020 7 917 10.3389/fchem.2019.00917 32039146
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Hassan G.S. Georgey H.H. Mohammed E.Z. George R.F. Mahmoud W.R. Omar F.A. Mechanistic selectivity investigation and 2D-QSAR study of some new antiproliferative pyrazoles and pyrazolopyridines as potential CDK2 inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2021 218 113389 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113389 33784602
    [Google Scholar]
  110. Lamie P.F. El-Kalaawy A.M. Abdel Latif N.S. Rashed L.A. Philoppes J.N. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based dual EGFR T790M/HER2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, structure–activity relationship and biological activity as potential antitumor and anticonvulsant agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2021 214 113222 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113222 33545637
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Lin T. Li J. Liu L. Li Y. Jiang H. Chen K. Xu P. Luo C. Zhou B. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 4-benzoylamino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as potent CDK2 inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2021 215 113281 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113281 33611192
    [Google Scholar]
  112. Othman I.M.M. Alamshany Z.M. Tashkandi N.Y. Gad-Elkareem M.A.M. Anwar M.M. Nossier E.S. New pyrimidine and pyrazole-based compounds as potential EGFR inhibitors: Synthesis, anticancer, antimicrobial evaluation and computational studies. Bioorg. Chem. 2021 114 105078 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105078 34161878
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Sherbiny F.F. Bayoumi A.H. El-Morsy A.M. Sobhy M. Hagras M. Design, Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of novel Pyrazolo[3,4-d]Pyrimidine derivative scaffolds as potent EGFR inhibitors and cell apoptosis inducers. Bioorg. Chem. 2021 116 105325 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105325 34507234
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Ruzi Z. Bozorov K. Nie L. Zhao J. Aisa H.A. Novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as potential anticancer agents: Synthesis, VEGFR-2 inhibition, and mechanisms of action. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2022 156 113948 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113948 36411633
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Hess J.D. Macias L.H. Gutierrez D.A. Moran-Santibanez K. Contreras L. Medina S. Villanueva P.J. Kirken R.A. Varela-Ramirez A. Penichet M.L. Aguilera R.J. Identification of a unique cytotoxic thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole derivative with potent and selective anticancer effects in vitro. Biology 2022 11 6 930 10.3390/biology11060930 35741451
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Kamel M.G. Sroor F.M. Othman A.M. Mahrous K.F. Saleh F.M. Hassaneen H.M. Abdallah T.A. Abdelhamid I.A. Teleb M.A.M. Structure-based design of novel pyrazolyl–chalcones as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents: Synthesis and in vitro studies. Monatsh. Chem. 2022 153 2 211 221 10.1007/s00706‑021‑02886‑5
    [Google Scholar]
  117. Doan N.Q.H. Nguyen N.T.K. Duong V.B. Nguyen H.T.T. Vong L.B. Duong D.N. Nguyen N.T.T. Nguyen T.L.T. Do T.T.H. Truong T.N. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of 1-Aryl-1 H -pyrazole-fused curcumin analogues as anticancer agents. ACS Omega 2022 7 38 33963 33984 10.1021/acsomega.2c02933 36188331
    [Google Scholar]
  118. Sagam R.R. Nukala S.K. Nagavath R. Sirassu N. Mohammod M. Manchal R. Thirukovela N.S. Synthesis of new morpholine-benzimidazole-pyrazole hybrids as tubulin polymerization inhibiting anticancer agents. J. Mol. Struct. 2022 1268 133692 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133692
    [Google Scholar]
  119. Benarjee V. Saritha B. Hari Gangadhar K. Sailaja B.B.V. Synthesis of some new 1,4-benzoxazine-pyrazoles in water as EGFR targeting anticancer agents. J. Mol. Struct. 2022 1265 133188 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133188
    [Google Scholar]
  120. Gaber A.A. Sobhy M. Turky A. Abdulwahab H.G. Al-Karmalawy A.A. Elhendawy M.A. Radwan M.M. Elkaeed E.B. Ibrahim I.M. Elzahabi H.S.A. Eissa I.H. Discovery of new 1 H -pyrazolo[3,4- d ]pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agents targeting EGFR WT and EGFR T790M. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 2022 37 1 2283 2303 10.1080/14756366.2022.2112575 36000168
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Alshammari M.M. Soury R. Alenezi K.M. Mushtque M. Rizvi M.M.A. Haque A. Synthesis, characterization, anticancer and in silico studies of a pyrazole-tethered thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivative. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 2022 40 23 13075 13082 10.1080/07391102.2021.1981451 34551668
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Bhogireddy D.N. Surapureddi S.R. Syed T. Prashanth T. Tadiboina B.R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of aryl derivatives of isoxazole pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines as anticancer agents. Synth. Commun. 2022 52 6 861 874 10.1080/00397911.2022.2056846
    [Google Scholar]
  123. Asif M. Aqil F. Alasmary F.A. almalki A. Khan A.R. Nasibullah M. Lewis base-catalyzed synthesis of highly functionalized spirooxindole-pyranopyrazoles and their in vitro anticancer studies. Med. Chem. Res. 2023 32 5 1001 1015 10.1007/s00044‑023‑03053‑7
    [Google Scholar]
  124. Bhukya B. Korra R. Guguloth H. Synthesis of novel amide/amino acid functionalized pyrazolo[3,4‐b ]pyridine derivatives; their anticancer activity and docking studies. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2023 60 5 872 878 10.1002/jhet.4636
    [Google Scholar]
  125. Zaki R.M. Wani M.Y. Mohammed A. El-Said W.A. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel Se-alkylated pyrazoles and their cyclized analogs as potential anticancer agents. J. Mol. Struct. 2023 1276 134670 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134670
    [Google Scholar]
  126. Hossan A. Alrefaei A.F. Katouah H.A. Bayazeed A. Asghar B.H. Shaaban F. El-Metwaly N.M. Synthesis, anticancer activity, and molecular docking of new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2023 27 2 101599 10.1016/j.jscs.2023.101599
    [Google Scholar]
  127. Karrouchi K. Sert Y. Ansar M. Radi S. El Bali B. Imad R. Alam A. Irshad R. Wajid S. Altaf M. Synthesis, α-glucosidase inhibition, anticancer, DFT and molecular docking Investigations of pyrazole Hydrazone Derivatives. Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. 2023 43 6 5021 5040 10.1080/10406638.2022.2097275
    [Google Scholar]
  128. Kumar V.H. Tamminana R. Copper‐catalyzed multicomponent green reaction approach: Synthesis of dihydropyrano [2,3‐c] pyrazoles and evaluation of their anti‐cancer activity. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2023 60 1 18 26 10.1002/jhet.4555
    [Google Scholar]
  129. Mamidala S. Aravilli R.K. Vaarla K. Peddi S.R. Gondru R. Manga V. Vedula R.R. A facile one-pot, three-component synthesis of a new series of thiazolyl pyrazoles: Anticancer evaluation, ADME and molecular docking studies. Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. 2023 43 2 1332 1348 10.1080/10406638.2022.2027788
    [Google Scholar]
  130. Tiwari G. Mishra V.K. Kumari P. Khanna A. Sharma S. Sagar R. Synthesis of triazole bridged N -glycosides of pyrazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidinones as anticancer agents and their in silico docking studies. RSC Advances 2024 14 2 1304 1315 10.1039/D3RA06993A 38174229
    [Google Scholar]
  131. Laamari Y Fawzi M Hachim ME Bimoussa A Oubella A Ketatni EM Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity of pyrazole derivatives based on thymol. J. Mol. Struct. 2024 1297 Part 1 136864 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.136864
    [Google Scholar]
  132. Lathwal E. Kumar S. Sahoo P.K. Ghosh S. Mahata S. Nasare V.D. Kapavarapu R. Kumar S. Pyrazole-based and N,N-diethylcarbamate functionalized some novel aurone analogs: Design, synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation, docking and SAR studies, against AGS cancer cell line. Heliyon 2024 10 5 e26843 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26843 38463825
    [Google Scholar]
  133. Deivasigamani P. Rubavathy S.M.E. Jayasankar N. Saravanan V. Thilagavathi R. Prakash M. Selvam C. Rajagopal R. Alfarhan A. Kathiravan M.K. Arokiyaraj S. Arockiaraj J. Dual anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of novel 1,5-diaryl pyrazole derivatives: Molecular modeling, synthesis, in vitro activity, and dynamics study. Biomedicines 2024 12 4 788 10.3390/biomedicines12040788 38672144
    [Google Scholar]
  134. Basir N.H. Ramle A.Q. Ng M.P. Tan C.H. Tiekink E.R.T. Sim K.S. Basirun W.J. Khairuddean M. Discovery of indoleninyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines as potent chemotherapeutic agents against colorectal cancer cells. Bioorg. Chem. 2024 146 107256 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107256 38460334
    [Google Scholar]
  135. Kotnala M. Singh G. Singh K. Nath R. Panda K.C. Kumar A. Exploring the synthetic strategies and biological activities of pyrazole derivatives. Naturalista Campano. 2024 28 1 3238 3248
    [Google Scholar]
  136. Alam M.J. Alam O. Naim M.J. Nawaz F. Manaithiya A. Imran M. Thabet H.K. Alshehri S. Ghoneim M.M. Alam P. Shakeel F. Recent advancement in drug design and discovery of pyrazole biomolecules as cancer and inflammation therapeutics. Molecules 2022 27 24 8708 10.3390/molecules27248708 36557840
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/ctmc/10.2174/0115680266370083250530180225
Loading
/content/journals/ctmc/10.2174/0115680266370083250530180225
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test