Current Traditional Medicine - Volume 6, Issue 1, 2020

The fabaceae are rooted in rosaceae pods known as "vegetables" by the early botanists. They are the third family of angiosperms which includes 642 genus divided into about 18,000 species. The fabaceae family is known as the most important family of the ecosystem as it is indispensable in medicine, agriculture, industry and livestock. The Adenocarpus genus has about 50 species that are frequently found in tropical regions of Northern Africa, the southern part of West Europe and in the central and southern Italy. They are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases: such as microbial infections, leprosy, scabies, acne, malaria and other plants species are used in agriculture as insecticidal properties. Mainly Adenocarpus mannii species is well represented in the tropical regions of North Africa. It occurs in Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Guinea, South Africa, Tanzania, and Burundi. In Cameroon, it is encountered in South West Region and West Region. Previous phytochemical studies led to the isolation of several classes of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenes. Several studies report the phytochemical studies on genus Adenocarpus and chemotaxonomic markers of species of this genus. Herein, we outline all the botanical, pharmacological and phytochemical aspects of Adenocarpus mannii. A brief introduction about fabaceae and the genus Adenocarpus has also been included.

Around 3000 species of Saussurea are known, however Saussurea lappa Clarke which is perennial herb and has been traditionally used as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, medicine without many adverse effects. Phytochemistry of Saussurea lappa after thorough literature survey revealed various varied and copious metabolites such as sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, phytosterols, lignans, terpenes. Many of these compounds have been found to possess a wide range of biological activity such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-viral, etc. Among sesquiterpenes particularly Dehydrocostuslactone, dihydrocostunolide, costunolide Lappadilactone, have been isolated as the main chemical constituents. This review aims to cover published work from public databases (e.g. PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate) and Non-English, Ph.D./MS thesis databases (e.g. CKNIChina, Jairo-Japan, Myto-Malaysia, Shodhganga-India) with a particular focus on phytochemistry and therapeutic uses of different fractions as well as isolated compounds from Saussurea lappa.

The application of medicinal plants for combating various human ailments, as a food fortificant and additive have been adapted from ancient routine custom. Currently, developing countries use plants as a major source of primary health care. Besides, the emerging drug resistant pathogenic microbes encourage the utilization of medicinal plants as preeminent alternative sources of new bioactive substances. Extensive research findings have been reported in the last three decades. But methods to investigate the phytoconstituent and their biological effects are limited. This review contains brief explanations about the selection of medicinal plants, procedure for obtaining the crude as well as essential oil extracts, phytochemical screening, and in-vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant extracts reported from their respective solvent fractionated and non-fractionated in-vitro analysis has also been described in the present paper. The bioactive substances from medicinal plant along with chemical structure and biological effects are highlighted in the content.

Introduction: These days, a lot of people face some health-related problems in day to day life. The conventional synthetic medicine is not effective enough to cure them alone. The conventional therapy for the management of these health-related issues involves the use of hazardous synthetic chemicals and surgical diagnosis, which have lots of serious side effects. It is necessary to conduct research on herbal medicines, this is an alternative approach to avoid the side effects of synthetic medicines to achieve high effectiveness, low cost and improve patient compliance. Methods: The present survey is an analysis of some of the available data on the use of plants with their biological source, active phytochemicals constituents and a probable activity/ mechanism of action of several classes of drugs. This work also focused on highlighting the advantages of natural medicines for maximum utilization. Results: This article aims to increase awareness about natural medicine and help people find a suitable herbal medicine for the treatment of specific diseases. Conclusion: This article also exhibits the scope for further process in the development of new natural substance for the management of several diseases.

Background: Herbal extracts have been employed since ages in dentistry as tooth cleansing and antimicrobial agents. The use of herbal medicines continues to expand and trend rapidly across the world. Herbal extracts have been used in dentistry for multiple uses as reducing inflammation, as antimicrobial plaque agents, for preventing release of histamine and as antiseptics, antioxidants, antimicrobials and analgesics. They also aid in healing process and are very effective in controlling microbial plaque and other disorders related to gums. Objective: The present review aims towards the combined review as well as compilation of available herbs under the category of various dental associated problems. Materials and Methods: The herbs were studied by sectioning them as for looking after different works or findings done against dental caries, tooth ache, scouring teeth, gum troubles and herbs as mouth fresheners. Results: Herbal extracts have been used on a large scale in dentistry as tooth cleansing and antimicrobial plaque agents. Many people take herbal derived medicines or herbal based products for the purpose of reducing inflammation, as antimicrobial agents, for preventing release of histamine and as antiseptics, antioxidants, antifungals, antibacterials, antivirals and analgesics. Herbal extracts are used in dentistry for treatment of various dental disorders. Conclusion: The use of herbal medicines are blooming rapidly across the world. Herbal extracts and the various herbs on the whole or their specific parts have been used in dentistry. They relieve the problems of gums and act as excellent mouth fresheners. The natural herbal remedies act as an effective substitute to antibiotics and represent a promising approach for prevention and as therapeutic strategies for various oral infections as they are natural, eradicate the problem from its root and provide long lasting relief. The herbal remedies are advantageous over conventional treatment.

Traditional and folklore medicines have gained popularity throughout the world due to their safety. Herbal medicines with pharmacological activities and nutritional value are the most popular choice. Cultural and geographical factors of Bangladesh make it a vast source for herbal medicines. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of herbal medicines has also played an important role to make it a drug of choice among the developing countries like Bangladesh. People of Bangladesh have been using plants for centuries to treat different wounds caused by excision and incision. In this current review, we have gone through an extensive literature search to find out the four most commonly used medicinal plants for the treatment of wounds and their pharmacological activities in scientific researches. The featured plants of this review articles are, Calotropis gigantea, Cynodon dactylon, Acorus calamus and Justicia gendarussa. In traditional and herbal medicines, many plants are used without their scientific validation and we intend to perform a literature review in order to find out the potential scientific value of the featured plants. In addition, with pharmacological activities, their traditional formulation as a wound healing drug is also added to this article. This study will help validate the uses of these plants as traditional medicine and for researchers to find out potential therapeutic drugs according to their pharmacological studies.

Background: In several recent surveys, it has been found that more people suffer because of over and indiscriminate use of synthetic drugs, chemicals and antibiotics, particularly with regard to issues like drug sensitivity, resistance, immune disturbances, and economic burdens, ultimately leading to a weak prognosis of a large number of diseases, eventually defeating the purpose of medicinal efficacy. We propose the old age use of scientifically validated natural compounds of plants and their products for a strong immune system along with a successful treatment regimen which can be effective as well as safe without side effects. Objective: The aim of the present work is to evaluate the various medicinal uses and applicability of Chlorophytum borivilianum, Chlorophytum tuberosum and Curcuma longa as natural plant-based ingredients by tribal communities. Methods: A survey was carried on the rural folks who used natural botanicals for alleviating their several common disorders successfully. Chlorophytum species of Liliaceae and Curcuma of Zingiberaceae are traditional rare Indian medicinal herbs widely used in the indigenous system of medicine since ancient time. A total number of 196 individuals were interviewed which included both men and women, in which the main objective was to explore the different forms of these medicinal plant species used with water or with milk by tribal folk for their wide range of common ailments such as pain in joints, loss of appetite, cold, sore throat, fever and general weakness. Results: The tribal people were found to use these plants for many of their problems such as physical weakness, natal and postnatal problems, lactation problems, cold and fever, sore throat, inflammation, joint pain, etc. Many of them (60-80%) were able to overcome their varied health problems to a great extent such as inflammation (69.4%), joint pain and arthritis (66.6%), sore throat and cold (87.5%), physical weakness (66%), natal and postnatal problems (75%). Conclusion: The findings strongly support the use of natural compounds for a safe and effective means of treating loss of appetite, general weakness, pain of the joints, inflammation and other related ailments by the people of tribal areas of Border States of MP and Maharashtra, having little access to modern health care facilities.