lncRNA HOTAIR, HOXC11 and HOXC12 Gene Expressions are Upregulated in CaCo2 Cells Treated with P31-43 Toxic Peptide

Celiac disease is one of the most frequent diseases genetically determined, with vast and heterogeneous series of clinical manifestations, interests all ages of life. A gliadin peptide, P31-43, is being able to induce an immune response in patients with CD, mainly by means of IL15 and IL15Ralpha activation has been identified. Recently, 30 genes were identified in the small bowel which are able to control the epithelial cell differentiation and celiac disease pathogenesis. Two regions on the chromosome 2, ITG4/UBE2E3 (2q31.3) and CTLA4/ICOS/CD28 (2q33.2) are in contiguity with HOXD genes, located on chromosome 2q31-32. HOX genes or Class I homeobox genes, consist of 39 transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic and body plan development, they are related to the cell memory program through the interaction with noncoding-RNAs. LncRNA HOTAIR is a non-coding RNA located at chromosome 12q13.13 and transcribed from HOXC locus; the overexpression of the HOTAIR has been linked to several diseases, originally, it was found in colorectal, gastric cancer and hepatoma. In general, HOTAIR is crucial in Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). HOTAIR is epigenetically able to promote EMT mainly by means of silencing miRNA34a and interacting with Polycomb-Responsive-Element-2 (PRC2). The purpose of this report is to evaluate the capability of P31-43 toxic peptide of the gliadin, and to regulate the transcriptional control of the lncRNA HOTAIR, HOXC11 and HOXC12 genes.