Recent Patents on Computer Science - Volume 11, Issue 4, 2018

Background: With the title “An era of micro-irrigation - A priority driven approach to enhance the optimum utilization of water and a way towards “Intelligent Farming”, we have developed a novel research work to begin new innovative systems for the sake of society. The scope of our research work is a smart home garden but it can be extended to the large field too. Gardening is done at a huge level and farming (agriculture) too which is a backbone of Indian economy. To cater to these sectors there is a requirement of water and its consumption is at a high level. We have referred 03 patents, which have motivated us to revolutionize these sectors. Objectives: A GUI is developed with which end user can get many things such as pH of the soil, conductivity and TDS of the water, temperature and humidity, moisture, etc. Irrigation plays an important role in crop yield else, due to less water it will be affected. A priority-driven algorithm based on the soil moisture values executes itself and find out the lowest one to start the irrigation to increase the moisture at plant area. Method: Here, to each node, we have placed the soil moisture sensors to fetch the moisture values and with the help of a coordinator, the system will store these values in the database for future analysis. We have developed this crop independent system for basic crops, commercials crops and gardens. Smart and micro-irrigation is the new trend and is the major requirement due to many critical factors such as irregularity of monsoon, less availability of groundwater, etc. Some challenges are pointed out with this research work and important issues in smart home gardening are considered. Conclusion: We strongly believe, in the agriculture and gardening sectors water consumption will be at a low level with our research work. These systems have additional advantages such as testing the quality of water utilization in terms of TDS, Conductivity and pH of the water. Similarly, w.r.t. soil, due to excess utilization of fertilizers and pesticides pH changes and same thing will be noticed to avoid the future losses.

Background: The basic Protocols of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and their variations use a one way quantum channel for the transmission of quantum information and later use a classical channel for reconciliation phase. Objective: In this paper we are discussing a QKD protocol which is a variation over two basic protocols i.e. BB84 and B92 and uses two-way quantum channel instead of one way quantum channel and it also uses classical channel for reconciliation phase. Method: This protocol is synchronized in a manner that both parties who want to share key start communication at same point of time. Results: We have also given the design for proposed protocols and their comparison with basic protocols. Conclusion: Finally we analyzed the results and found the proposed protocols better with high capacity and low error estimation.

Objective: The STP is designed to a map-redundant topology without causing any loop in the network, as “loops” can create broadcasting storms which, in turn, degrade the performance of the network. However, STP improves the performance of a network's traffic regulation. Spanning Tree Protocol: STP makes a network redundant, in a tree form (In a normal network, many loops exist. So, STP blocks some ports which create loops. Broadcast Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) is a packet which is sent by every node in the network. In this algorithm we have one root bridge which is selected according to the smallest bridge ID. Algorithm: Root failure is a main challenge for both, STP and RSTP. In the first step of the root selection process, the node having the smallest vector (MAC address + priority) is selected as the root node of the tree. At the time of the root selection process, every node broadcasts its ID to every other node, and, at the same time, every node piggybacks its ID in the broadcast, by which every node updates its database while a numbering can be assigned to every node. Result and Conclusion: As a result if root node failure, STP –M takes less time than STP and RSTP. STP-M, observed that every node already knows the next root node of the tree. It reduces message overhead in the network. On the basis of the results, we observe that STP-M improves the performance of the network.

Multicast routing is an effective routing scheme for transmitting messages to multiple nodes. Such applications require multiple QoS guarantees to be satisfied. This paper presents genetic oriented QoS multicast routing (GA-QMR) algorithm. Background: The topology of the ad-hoc networks may change rapidly due to mobility of the nodes that affect the routing paths. Wireless nodes in MANETs come with sparse resources such as limited power, limited memory and limited residual battery lifetime. Objective: It is a challenging work to design QoS routing algorithm for MANETs. In order to select an optimal route from source to destination based on quality of service parameters, it needs to opt a choice from a set of routes. Method: The routes are required to satisfy the end-to-end delay, jitter, packet loss rate, packet success rate, bandwidth etc. Result: Simulation experiments are performed for 08 mobile to predict the proposed algorithm performance. The result retrieved as a part of investigations carried out in the proposed work, it is observed that optimal routes traced successfully and the proposed algorithm achieves the fast and guaranteed convergence. Conclusion: The proposed algorithm is efficient to find optimal multicast tree satisfying multiple QoS parameters than other two algorithms. The algorithm has the ability to explore many paths at one time from a node and select the best one based on the quality of parameters and can achieve global convergence.

Background: The real strengths of AJAX technology are that AJAX web application is fit for the heterogeneous and autonomous environment. On the other hand, AJAX poses new challenges and difficulties for web application maintenance, evolution, and testing. Therefore, the prime aim of this research work is to present a testing environment for an AJAX web application testing to prevent web application functionalities from failure/ fault. Methods: In this research work, Ajax testing is directed toward revealing faults related to incorrect manipulation of the DOM. Initial impetus has been made to model the dynamic behavior of web application with the help of user session based state machine. User session-based state machine extracts states, transitions and DOM change behavior of objects in a specific user session performed on the web application. Further, the Progressively Refined Genetic Algorithm (PRGA) is used to generate test cases of dynamic functionality of the chosen AJAX web application under test with the help of generated user session based state machine. Results: In order to validate the effectiveness of PRGA in revealing faults, faults have been injected in AJAX web application and efficiency of PRGA approach is validated corresponding to faults revealing capability. PRGA is applied to detect faults in all required test case to improve effectiveness and results have been compared with respect to the traditional genetic algorithm for test case generation. Conclusion: The proposed PRGA is able to generate the reduced test case that can cover test requirements in reduced search time.

Background: Nowadays, most of the governments and military agencies are using wargames. Data breaches using cyber wargames have mounted to an alarming level and heavy pressure on systems. Effective Virtual Private Network (VPN) is used as an important measure to secure data transmission against cyber incidents. By using VPN, organizations are able to transfer their services securely over the Internet. Methods: Recent publications and patent are reviewed to find new techniques developed for using a VPN to move non-secure public network resources into a secure private network in order to get maximum benefits. Results: The aim of this work is to customize a standard VPN to a new extended one. The new extended software is called EVPNSWS (Effective VPN for Securing Wargames System). EVPNSWS is applied for wargames application. Wargame is applied to work with the wired and wireless connection. In case of wireless connection, EVPNSWS enables ad-hoc VPNs scenarios. Both fighting sides of wargames application by using EVPNSWS transmit a small data size through web-based application system. Implementation results tell us EVPNSWS able to transfer data between two sides of wargames with the same security level in a reasonable time. Conclusion: EVPNSWS is suitable for both fighting sides of wargames application. It enables adhoc VPNs because it is easy to configure and install. Transmission time for both sides of wargame is reasonable particularly with transmitting small data size. EVPNSWS was not built for a specific target environment so it is scalable, you can use it in other environments. Finally, all these benefits are achieved with the same security level.

Background: Software testing is a common course in universities. It mainly explains the principles and methods of software testing and the use of testing tools. It is committed to develop software testing talents. At present, some urgent problems have appeared in the course of software testing. For example, teaching content lacks practical ability, students' interest in learning is not high, personnel training has far behind market lags demand. TPACK is a subject teaching knowledge of integrated technology, which was proposed by American scholar Kohler and Mishra on the basis of the subject teaching knowledge. To research on TPACK, domestic and overseas scholars have taken up large number of theoretical and practical since 2005. Through research, it is agreed that the study of TPACK can improve the ability of teachers to master and use information technology. For the problems in software testing course, TPACK is introduced to improve it. Methods: According to the existing teaching methods, a mixed teaching model using TPACK (MTMTPACK) is proposed in this paper. Combined with the three basic elements of TPACK framework and the characteristics of four compound elements, this mode is deeply integrated into the software testing course. Moreover, TPACK's learning ideas have been creatively put forward. In the MTM-TPACK teaching mode, it not only utilizes multimedia, network learning, WeChat and other ways are used to enhance students' interest in learning but also adopts some teaching method (such as case teaching method, task driven method and so on) to improve students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning. In this way, students not only can fully participate in the teaching process of software testing, and their learning effect can also be improved at the same time. In order to compare the test results, a statistical method is introduced to analyze the experimental results. Results: The reform of most teaching methods focuses on one aspect of improvement. The improvement of the MTM-TPACK teaching mode is aimed at the whole process. In the teaching effect between the experimental class and the ordinary class, the whole process of the test is designed. Through the methods of questionnaire survey and data collection, the test data were sorted and analyzed. The test results were compared in five aspects, such as score results, students' practical learning ability, knowledge expansion ability, learning interest and satisfaction, communication and team cooperation. The test results show that the new teaching method is superior to the traditional teaching method in terms of indicators. Conclusion: This paper presents a mixed teaching mode in software testing course. This mode solves the problems in current software testing teaching, for example poor teaching effect. It not only improves the comprehensive quality of students' practical operation ability and teamwork ability, but also provides good conditions for students to engage in software testing. The method proposed in this paper lays a solid foundation for their future development, which can be applied to the practical courses of computer science and can contribute to the improvement of computer majors' practical ability.

Background: Various mathematical models have been proposed for studying the growth of tumor cells under chemotherapeutic drug administration. In most of the deterministic models, the drug is administered as per the rate equation of time. Objective: In this paper we have studied the behavior of a predator-prey model when the drug infusion rate is governed by a sinusoidal function. Method: A logistic growth model, to study the response of tumor growth to chemotherapeutic drug dosage is considered. The model has been suitably modified to introduce periodic drug infusion rate which is a sinusoidal function. In this paper, an extensive sensitivity analysis on the parameters, tumor cells division rate, cell kill rate, rate at which the drug becomes ineffective and the drug decay rate has been carried out to determine how these parameters affect the growth of the tumor and how the drug accumulates in the body. Results: 1000 sets of these four parameters were randomly chosen from appropriate Gamma distributions and corresponding curves for the number of tumor cells and average drug accumulation have been obtained. A comparative study of drug administration at a constant rate and at a periodic rate has been done. Effect of changes in the parameters governing the drug infusion rate have been analyzed and how the parameters used in the model relate to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug has been pointed out. Conclusion: We have been able to show that controlled periodic drug infusion is a better strategy than administering the drug of a constant rate.