Skip to content
2000
image of Effects of Papaver somniferum (Opium) Uses on Respiratory Clinical Manifestation in COPD Patients

Abstract

Introduction

Opium has been used traditionally for several diseases, including respiratory and heart diseases, in some societies. The aim of this study was to identify associations between opium consumption and respiratory clinical manifestations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.

Methods

The COPD patients were divided into opium non-user (n=21) and opium-user (n=79) groups. The demographic characteristics and pulmonary function test (PFT) values were obtained.

Results

Weight and height in the opium users were significantly lower compared to the non-opium user patients ( < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively). Shortness of breath when walking up hill was remarkably higher in the non-opium compared to the opium-user group ( < 0.05). The PFT values as spirometry parameters also did not show statistically significant differences in the two groups. Opium use increased respiratory symptoms, including chest heaviness, sputum, and wheeze, while reducing PFT values, but these changes were not significant.

Discussion

The results of the current study showed that the prevalence of hookah/water pipe smoking was remarkably higher, while weight and height were significantly lower in the opium user group. The PFT values were lower, but not statistically significant, in the opium users compared to non-opium user patients. Multiple linear regression showed that FEV, FVC, and SpO were associated with a healthy range of BMI.

Conclusion

Opium consumption was a potent risk factor in COPD patients due to increased respiratory symptoms and decreased PFT values.

© 2026 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/crmr/10.2174/011573398X395165251012134558
2026-01-16
2026-02-04

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/crmr/10.2174/011573398X395165251012134558
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Moezi S.A. Azdaki N. Kazemi T. Partovi N. Hanafi Bojd N. Mashreghi Moghaddam H.R. Hamidi F. Khosravi Bizhaem S. Soltani M. Niroomand M.S. Khazdair M.R. The effects of opium uses on syntax score of angiography patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Toxin Rev 2022 41 4 1246 1252 10.1080/15569543.2021.2000434
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Khatami S. Naseri M. Bahaeddin Z. Ghaffari F. Moosavizadeh A. Zahir N.V. The perspective of traditional Persian medicine on botanicals effective in quitting opium addiction: A review. Trad Integr Med 2021 6 4 444 454 10.18502/tim.v6i4.8278
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Azdaki N. Salmani F. Kazemi T. Partovi N. Bizhaem S.K. Moghadam M.N. Moniri Y. Zarepur E. Mohammadifard N. Alikhasi H. Nouri F. Sarrafzadegan N. Moezi S.A. Khazdair M.R. Which risk factor best predicts coronary artery disease using artificial neural network method? BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024 24 1 52 10.1186/s12911‑024‑02442‑1 38355522
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Martínez M.A. Ballesteros S. Opium poisoning in modern times. An overview. Forensic Sci Int 2019 302 109848 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.06.006 31336283
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Traynor JJD μ‑Opioid receptors and regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins: From a symposium on new concepts in mu‑opioid pharmacology. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012 121 3 173 180 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.027
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Pagheh A.S. Kazemi T. Riahi S.M. karimi M. Foogerdi M. Arian A. Heydari S. Ghoddousi M.Y. Vahdati P. Khazdair M.R. The effects of opium consumption on severity of disease on hospitalized COVID-19 patients in East of Iran, a prospective cohort study. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2024 32 1 52 62 10.12793/tcp.2024.32.e4 38586125
    [Google Scholar]
  7. ur Rehman O. Khan Y. Haneef M. Zubair M. Khattak N.U.S. Munib M. Evaluating the impact of opium poppy toxicity on pediatric patients: Clinical, laboratory, and outcome analysis. Pak J Med Health Sci 2024 18 01 138 10.53350/pjmhs02024181138
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Hedayati-Moghadam M. Moezi S.A. Kazemi T. Sami A. Akram M. Zainab R. Khazdair M.R. The effects of Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy) on health, its controversies and consensus evidence. Toxin Rev 2022 41 3 1030 1043 10.1080/15569543.2021.1958232
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Fatehi R. Hashemnejad M. Mirdamadi M. Shakeri M. The frequency of opium addiction and cofactors in diabetic patients referred to karaj Dr. Shariati hospital in 1389-90. Inter J Med Toxicol Foren Med 2013 3 3 (Summer) 75 79
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ziaaddini H. Ziaaddini M.R. The household survey of drug abuse in Kerman. J Appl Sci 2005 5 2 380 382 10.3923/jas.2005.380.382
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Barnes P.J. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med 2014 35 1 71 86 10.1016/j.ccm.2013.10.004 24507838
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kim HS Kim K Rhee EH Kim WK Song DJ Park JS Atmospheric environment and persistence of pediatric asthma: A population-based cohort study. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2024 42 10.12932/AP‑170623‑1635
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Singh D. Agusti A. Anzueto A. Barnes P.J. Bourbeau J. Celli B.R. Criner G.J. Frith P. Halpin D.M.G. Han M. López Varela M.V. Martinez F. Montes de Oca M. Papi A. Pavord I.D. Roche N. Sin D.D. Stockley R. Vestbo J. Wedzicha J.A. Vogelmeier C. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease: The GOLD science committee report 2019. Eur Respir J 2019 53 5 1900164 10.1183/13993003.00164‑2019 30846476
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Raeisy L. Masoompour S.M. Rezaianzadeh A. Evaluation of the prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among opium users, and cigarette smokers and comparison with normal population in Kharameh: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med 2023 23 1 419 10.1186/s12890‑023‑02734‑8 37914995
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Rajnoveanu R.M. Harangus A. Todea D.A. Man M.A. Budin C.E. Rajnoveanu A.G. Opioids in treatment of refractory dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Yes, no or maybe. J Pers Med 2024 14 3 318 10.3390/jpm14030318 38541060
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gologanu D Stanescu C Ursica T Balea MI Ionita D Bogdan MA Prevalence and characteristics of pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD: A pilot study in patients referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation program clinic. Maedica 2013 8 3 243 248
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Vyas A. Pickering C A C. Oldham L.A. Francis H.C. Fletcher A.M. Merrett T. Niven R.M. Survey of symptoms, respiratory function, and immunology and their relation to glutaraldehyde and other occupational exposures among endoscopy nursing staff. Occup Environ Med 2000 57 11 752 759 10.1136/oem.57.11.752 11024199
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Sigari N. Ghafoori B. Reliability of persian version of COPD assessment test and its correlation with disease severity. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci 2013 18 4 59 65
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Ak A. Ogun C.O. Bayir A. Kayis S.A. Koylu R. Prediction of arterial blood gas values from venous blood gas values in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tohoku J Exp Med 2006 210 4 285 290 10.1620/tjem.210.285 17146193
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Najarzadegan M.R. Aghadavoudi O. Eizadi-Mood N. Comparing cardiovascular factors in opium abusers and non-users candidate for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Adv Biomed Res 2015 4 1 12 10.4103/2277‑9175.148294 25625118
    [Google Scholar]
  21. El Shahawy O. Park S.H. Rogers E.S. Shearston J.A. Thompson A.B. Cooper S.C. Freudenberg N. Ball S.A. Abrams D. Shelley D. Sherman S.E. Hookah use patterns, social influence and associated other substance use among a sample of New York City public university students. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2020 15 1 65 10.1186/s13011‑020‑00283‑5 32859230
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Vozoris N.T. Opioid utility for dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A complicated and controversial story. Ann Palliat Med 2020 9 2 571 578 10.21037/apm.2019.11.04 31865744
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Smith J. Owen E. Earis J. Woodcock A. Effect of codeine on objective measurement of cough in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006 117 4 831 835 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.09.055 16630941
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Morice A.H. Menon M.S. Mulrennan S.A. Everett C.F. Wright C. Jackson J. Thompson R. Opiate therapy in chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007 175 4 312 315 10.1164/rccm.200607‑892OC 17122382
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Pawan M. Choudhary R. Mathur R. Choudhary M.R. Kamla M. Study on harmful effects of opium on liver and lungs in chronic opium addicts of western Rajasthan. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol 1970 6 2 122 126 10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9762
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Javadi H Ahmadi A Relation between opium smoking and pulmonary function. J Inflamm Dis 2004 7 5 42 45
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Ataei M. Shirazi F.M. Lamarine R.J. Nakhaee S. Mehrpour O. A double-edged sword of using opioids and COVID-19: A toxicological view. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2020 15 1 91 10.1186/s13011‑020‑00333‑y 33272308
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Krajnik M. Schäfer M. Sobański P. Kowalewski J. Bloch-Bogusławska E. Zylicz Z. Mousa S.A. Local pulmonary opioid network in patients with lung cancer: A putative modulator of respiratory function. Pharmacol Rep 2010 62 1 139 149 10.1016/S1734‑1140(10)70251‑6 20360624
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Ting Q Tang Y-j Xu Z-b Dan X Jun X Zhang M-k Association between body mass index and pulmonary function of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J 2009 122 9 1110 1111
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Schols A Fredrix E Soeters PB Westerterp KR Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 54 6 983 987 10.1093/ajcn/54.6.983
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Agustí AG Sauleda J Miralles C Gomez C Togores B Sala E Skeletal muscle apoptosis and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 166 4 485 489 10.1164/rccm.2108013
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Gupta SS Gothi D Narula G Sircar JJLI Correlation of BMI and oxygen saturation in stable COPD in Northern India. JJLI 2014 31 1 29 34 10.4103/0970‑2113.125891
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Rostami F. Amra B. The effect of opium on polysomnographic findings in patients with sleep apnea. TANAFFOS 2010 9 3 (summer) 33 36
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Park J Nguyen A Kattih M Kim H Kim M Lee M National trends in asthma prevalence in South Korea before and during the COVID-19 pandemic 1998–2021. Clin Exp Allergy 2023 53 12 1291 1294 10.1111/cea.14394
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/crmr/10.2174/011573398X395165251012134558
Loading
Effects of Papaver somniferum (Opium) Uses on Respiratory Clinical Manifestation in COPD Patients
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398X395165251012134558
/content/journals/crmr/10.2174/011573398X395165251012134558
/content/journals/crmr/10.2174/011573398X395165251012134558
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: respiratory symptoms, heart disease, narcotic drug ; Clinical manifestation ; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; opium

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test