Current Physics - Online First

An alternative way to construct a quantum model of gravity is described in this paper, not by quantizing the classical model, but by introducing a graviton background, which has a low temperature, but strongly interacts with any particle.

Gravity in this case is the effect of screening the background of gravitons by bodies; several additional effects appear when photons or bodies move through the background.

Using Planck's formula for the graviton spectrum and taking into account the pairing effect for some of the gravitons, Newton's constant can be calculated and the magnitudes of the additional effects can be estimated.

These small additional effects can be important for cosmology since they allow to describe the results of cosmological observations without dark energy.