Current Pharmaceutical Analysis - Volume 19, Issue 8, 2023

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a viral infection that primarily targets oral and genital organs in humans. Acyclovir is a widely prescribed anti-viral agent used in the infection caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). This article emphasizes several analytical techniques, including spectrophotometry, High-performance liquid chromatography, High-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography, Ultra performance liquid chromatography, and Liquid chromatography/ Mass detection for the quantification of acyclovir in different matrices like biological fluids and Pharmaceutical formulation. In the proposed work, numerous methods for different techniques were extracted from various databases such as Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, etc. According to the recommendation from the internal conference on harmonization, this review describes how to determine the presence of utilizing acyclovir in different analytical techniques alone or in combination with another drug.

Sartans are often used as antihypertensives. They are also available in combination with thiazide diuretics for the management of hypertension. Analytical method development is a crucial part of successful drug development and characterization. Bioanalytical studies are of paramount importance while establishing pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic data while forced degradation studies are important to elucidate degradation pathways and to establish stability of the drugs.Different methods have been developed for the analysis of sartans and their combination with thiazide diuretics. We thought it imperative to summarize them so the data could be useful for analysis of newer sartans. The review describes various methods for analysis of some frequently employed sartans as well as the latest sartans and their combination with thiazide diuretics. The article also focuses on their analysis of biological fluids. Forced degradation studies have also been covered in the article.Article is divided into three sections. First section covers introduction, second section focuses on different methods developed, including bioanalytical methods, while third section presents forced degradation studies carried out on the drugs. Important parameters of the analytical methods developed have been summarized in tabular form.

The physicochemical properties of non-chromophoric compounds that lack a group to absorb UV-visible radiation make them difficult to analyze with a simple detector. Pharmaceutical formulations and their unknown impurities, which show weak or no response with a UV detector, remain undetected and pose a challenge to the analysis of these compounds. Direct measurement of a chromophore complex formed between the compound and the colored ions present in the electrolyte solution with UV detection is one of the validated methods to analyze non-chromophoric compounds. The derivatization with either chromophore or fluorescent group for the detection of the non-chromophoric compounds with HPLC-UV-Vis or fluorescence detector is also commonly used to study the physicochemical properties of the pharmaceutical formulations. The other techniques to analyze such non-chromophoric compounds include conductivity (ionic molecules), amperometry (molecules oxidized or reduced), mass spectrometry, evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), condensation nucleation light scattering detector (CNLSD), capillary electrophoresis (CE), gas chromatography (GC), etc. This review covers various separation and detection techniques developed for the analysis of non-chromophoric compounds.

Background: Antiviral drugs are vital since many viruses can produce fatal infections, as we have recently seen with the COVID-19 pandemic. Antiviral drugs can battle viruses at multiple stages of their life cycles, including neuraminidase, nucleic acid synthesis, protease, and virion fusion or entry.Objective: Antiviral drugs have poor retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, which makes it difficult to analyze a mixture of antiviral medications using high-performance liquid chromatography. Using zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZICHILIC), the paper highlights the simultaneous quantification of three antiviral drugs as active constituents in pharmaceutical formulations. Moreover, the influence of the length of the spacer between the two charges in two stationary phases on the retention behavior of antiviral drugs has been discussed.Methods: Two homemade stationary phases (ZIC1-HILIC and ZIC5-HILIC) were utilized for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of three antiviral drugs, and UV was used as the detector. Several chromatographic conditions were examined, such as the organic modifier concentration, buffer concentration, and pH value.Results: After optimizing the parameters, the devised method was applied to analyse three antiviral medications quantitatively. The initial results demonstrated the current procedure for separating and determining these three antiviral drugs to be sensitive, robust, and effective. Consequently, the present method has shown excellent repeatability, a broad linear range (0.1- 16.5 μgml^-1), and excellent sensitivity (LOD 0.04-0.072 μgml^-1). The RSD value of the method was less than 1.Conclusion: A mixed mode of hydrophilic and ion exchange interactions was the predominant mode of antiviral medications with two ZIC-HILIC stationary phases. The ZIC5-HILIC stationary phase had a lower detection and limit of quantitation for three antiviral drugs and a prolonged retention time compared to the ZIC1-HILIC stationary phase with a shorter chain length.

Background: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic caused numerous difficulties in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. A persistent risk of developing severe complications and increased mortality from the COVID-19 infection has been reported. In the clinical studies, patients receiving remdesivir and dexamethasone as COVID-19 combination therapy simultaneously with some type II diabetes therapeutic regimens had been reported to have a considerably better state and recover faster. Unfortunately, there is not enough information on the combination of meglitinides, remdesivir, and dexamethasone, and therefore, careful monitoring of the patients' everyday health condition is needed.Objectives: The present study aimed to describe a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of repaglinide, dexamethasone, and remdesivir in laboratoryprepared mixtures and human plasma by UV detection.Methods: Isocratic elution of the mobile phase (consisting of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and acetonitrile in the ratio 70:30 v/v) was set at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and the developed analytical procedure has been found to be fast and simple. Chromatographic determination was performed on a Purospher® RP - 18 column at room temperature and a UV detector was set at 235 nm.Results: The developed method was validated for linearity in the range 2-32 µ/ml. Calibration curves were linear over the selected range with correlation coefficients (R²) greater than 0.996. The coefficients of variation for intraday and interday assay were < 2% and the recovery percentages from plasma ranged from 93.83 to 106.49%.Conclusion: The developed effective and specific method can be applied in routine quality control and clinical laboratory practice.