s Transmission, Prevention and Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19: Updates and Challenges

Background: Almost the whole world is observing a pandemic like never before in the last century, affecting the human lifestyle and economies known as coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19). A new severe acute respiratory syndrome that has emerged in China in late 2019 and spread in more than 210 countries makes a global health care emergency. Objective: Considering the epidemiological features of COVID-19, it is crucial to prevent the spread of such a highly infectious disease through effective control methods such as early detection, isolation, and treatment strategies. Conclusion: This review highlights the SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes among communities and control measures, improving the quarantine and isolation of infected individuals. The “gold standard” molecular and other rapid diagnostic tests used to detect SARS-CoV-2 with their benefits and limitations have been reported. Several repurposed drugs, including antivirals trailed for COVID-19 patients, and supportive treatments, such as general, cellular, and immune therapies with the role of vitamins in the safe deployment for COVID-19 patients, have been discussed. Finally, the review also encompasses an overview and update about the recent development of COVID-19 vaccines and ongoing clinical studies, providing further research advances.