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image of Calcined Natural Phosphate Doped by Zn as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Novel Functional Amidines

Abstract

Introduction

The present study focuses on the development of doped phosphate catalysts for the green synthesis of functional amidines.

Methods

The natural phosphate was characterized by XRF, FTIR-IR, and XRD, while the calcined natural phosphate doped with zinc was analyzed using XRD, FTIR-IR, and EDX. Furthermore, the amidines were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as HRMS analysis.

Results

This phosphate catalyst is recyclable and retains its catalytic efficiency over multiple uses. Under optimized conditions, a series of amidines were obtained in high yields up to 95% at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Discussion

The XRD spectrum of the natural phosphate revealed characteristic peaks of hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, and carbonate apatite, along with secondary phases, such as quartz, vermiculite, and nacrite. In the zinc-doped material, additional peaks corresponding to zinc oxide and skorpionite were observed, alongside the original ones. These findings indicate that the primary apatite structure remains intact after doping and calcination, while the appearance of zinc-containing phases suggests that zinc is not incorporated into the apatite lattice, but rather forms separate crystalline phases.

Conclusion

This study presents a straightforward and green process for synthesizing amidines by reacting N-Boc thioacetamide with various amino esters, using calcined natural phosphate doped by zinc as a heterogeneous catalyst.

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2026-01-14
2026-03-02

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Calcined Natural Phosphate Doped by Zn as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Novel Functional Amidines
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133372433278251201052210
/content/journals/cocat/10.2174/0122133372433278251201052210
/content/journals/cocat/10.2174/0122133372433278251201052210
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: aminoesters ; heterogeneous catalysts ; calcined natural phosphate ; zinc catalysts ; Amidines ; green process

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