Skip to content
2000
image of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Modern Approach to Optimizing Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Introduction

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are emerging as advanced drug delivery systems with enhanced stability, controlled release, & improved bioavailability. These systems address limitations of traditional treatments, which often only alleviate symptoms and have side effects.

Objective

The objective of this review is to explore advancements in NLC-based drug delivery, emphasizing their application in specific therapeutic areas, such as dermatology and cancer. It critically examines the potential of NLCs in overcoming the limitations of conventional treatments and compares them with solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Key challenges are also discussed, including scale-up, regulatory considerations, and quality-by-design (QbD) approaches.

Results

NLCs offer prolonged drug release, improved skin penetration, and enhanced bioavailability. Compared to conventional formulations, they also reduce adverse reactions and staining.

Conclusion

NLCs, with their amphiphilic nature, represent a promising approach to topical drug delivery. They offer improved therapeutic outcomes & reduced side effects, and their potential in treating various diseases is promising.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cnm/10.2174/0124054615360932250721110031
2025-08-22
2025-10-19

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cnm/10.2174/0124054615360932250721110031
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Adepu S. Ramakrishna S. Controlled drug delivery systems: Current status and future directions. Molecules 2021 26 19 5905 10.3390/molecules26195905 34641447
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Waheed I. Ali A. Tabassum H. Khatoon N. Lai W.F. Zhou X. Lipid-based nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy. Front. Oncol. 2024 14 1296091 10.3389/fonc.2024.1296091 38660132
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Agrawal M. Saraf S. Saraf S. Dubey S.K. Puri A. Patel R.J. Ajazuddin Ravichandiran V. Murty U.S. Alexander A. Recent strategies and advances in the fabrication of nano lipid carriers and their application towards brain targeting. J. Control. Release 2020 321 372 415 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.020 32061621
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Naseri N. Valizadeh H. Zakeri-Milani P. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Structure, preparation and application. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 2015 5 3 305 313 10.15171/apb.2015.043 26504751
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Khosa A. Reddi S. Saha R.N. Nanostructured lipid carriers for site-specific drug delivery. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2018 103 598 613 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.055 29677547
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Zhang S. Wang J. Liu L. Sun X. Zhou Y. Chen S. Lu Y. Cai X. Hu M. Yan G. Miao X. Li X. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in psoriasis: Preclinical and clinical evidence and possible mechanisms. Front. Pharmacol. 2022 13 903160 10.3389/fphar.2022.903160 36120325
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Kanojia N. Sharma N. Gupta N. Singh S. Applications of nanostructured lipid carriers: Recent advancements and patent review. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem. 2022 12 1 638 652
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Garg J. Pathania K. Sah S.P. Pawar S.V. Nanostructured lipid carriers: A promising drug carrier for targeting brain tumours. Future J. Pharm. Sci. 2022 8 1 25 10.1186/s43094‑022‑00414‑8
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Parmar M.P. Paterl L.D. Hadia B.G. Rathod L. Parikh K. Lipid-based nanocarriers of tazarotene for the treatment of psoriasis: Optimization and in vitro studies. World J. Pharm. Res. 2019 8 1830 1871
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Reddy KR Palagati S Reddy VJ Clobetasol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles topical gel for psoriasis: Imiquimod induced mice psoriatic plaque model. IJPSR 2024 6 11 2655 10.33472/AFJBS.6.11.2024.1073‑1087
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Patil T.S. Gujarathi N.A. Aher A.A. Pachpande H.E. Sharma C. Ojha S. Goyal S.N. Agrawal Y.O. Recent advancements in topical anti-psoriatic nanostructured lipid carrier-based drug delivery. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023 24 3 2978 10.3390/ijms24032978 36769305
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Zhou L. Chen Y. Zhang Z. He J. Du M. Wu Q. Preparation of tripterine nanostructured lipid carriers and their absorption in rat intestine. Pharmazie 2012 67 4 304 310 22570936
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Nasirizadeh S. Malaekeh-Nikouei B. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers in oral cancer drug delivery. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2020 55 101458 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101458
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Lee J.H. Yeo Y. Controlled drug release from pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2015 125 75 84 10.1016/j.ces.2014.08.046 25684779
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Jawahar I.M. Schreurs B. Supervisor incivility and how it affects subordinates’ performance: A matter of trust. Person. Rev. 2018 47 3 709 726 10.1108/PR‑01‑2017‑0022
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Shah N.B. Tabibian B. Muandet K. Guyon I. Von Luxburg U. Design and analysis of the NIPS 2016 review process. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 2018 19 49 1 34
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Pokharkar V. Patil-Gadhe A. Kaur G. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of rosuvastatin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: Influence of long- and medium-chain fatty acid mixture. J. Pharm. Investig. 2018 48 4 465 476 10.1007/s40005‑017‑0342‑8
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Kaithwas C.K. Bhuyan P. Pradhan S.K. Mandal S. Microstructure evolution during low-strain thermo-mechanical processing and its repercussion on intergranular corrosion in alloy 600H. Mater. Charact. 2018 145 582 593 10.1016/j.matchar.2018.09.019
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Tian T. Zhu Y.L. Hu F.H. Wang Y.Y. Huang N.P. Xiao Z.D. Dynamics of exosome internalization and trafficking. J. Cell. Physiol. 2013 228 7 1487 1495 10.1002/jcp.24304 23254476
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Elmowafy M. Ibrahim H.M. Ahmed M.A. Shalaby K. Salama A. Hefesha H. Atorvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs): Strategy to overcome oral delivery drawbacks. Drug Deliv. 2017 24 1 932 941 10.1080/10717544.2017.1337823 28617150
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Shevalkar G. Vavia P. Solidified nanostructured lipid carrier (S-NLC) for enhancing the oral bioavailability of ezetimibe. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2019 53 101211 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101211
    [Google Scholar]
  22. El Assasy A.E. Younes N.F. Makhlouf A.I. Enhanced oral absorption of amisulpride via a nanostructured lipid carrier-based capsules: Development, optimization applying the desirability function approach and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019 20 1 4
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Fathi N. Rashidi G. Khodadadi A. Shahi S. Sharifi S. STAT3 and apoptosis challenges in cancer. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018 117 993 1001 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.121 29782972
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Hendrickson B.A. Gokhale R. Cho J.H. Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2002 15 1 79 94 10.1128/CMR.15.1.79‑94.2002 11781268
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Attia S.M. Deleterious effects of reactive metabolites. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2010 3 4 238 253 10.4161/oxim.3.4.13246 20972370
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Elmowafy M. Al-Sanea M.M. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as drug delivery platform: Advances in formulation and delivery strategies. Saudi Pharm. J. 2021 29 9 999 1012 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.015 34588846
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Hommoss A. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in dermal and personal care formulations. Thesis Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy of the Freie University Berlin 2008
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Mukherjee S. Ray S. Thakur R.S. Solid lipid nanoparticles: A modern formulation approach in drug delivery system. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2009 71 4 349 358 10.4103/0250‑474X.57282 20502539
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Chandana K.V. Gupta N.V. Kanna S.A. Nanostructured lipid carriers: The frontiers in drug delivery. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 2019 12 7 8 12 10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i7.33595
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Tang C.H. Chen H.L. Dong J.R. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as food-grade nanovehicles for hydrophobic nutraceuticals or bioactives. Appl. Sci. 2023 13 3 1726 10.3390/app13031726
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Subroto E. Andoyo R. Indiarto R. Solid lipid nanoparticles: Review of the current research on encapsulation and delivery systems for active and antioxidant compounds. Antioxidants 2023 12 3 633 10.3390/antiox12030633 36978881
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Gomaa E. Fathi H.A. Eissa N.G. Elsabahy M. Methods for preparation of nanostructured lipid carriers. Methods 2022 199 3 8 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.05.003 33992771
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Cho Y.H. Kim S. Bae E.K. Mok C.K. Park J. Formulation of a cosurfactant-free O/W microemulsion using nonionic surfactant mixtures. J. Food Sci. 2008 73 3 E115 E121 10.1111/j.1750‑3841.2008.00688.x 18387105
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Duong V.A. Nguyen T.T.L. Maeng H.J. Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers for drug delivery and the effects of preparation parameters of solvent injection method. Molecules 2020 25 20 4781 10.3390/molecules25204781 33081021
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Friberg S.E. Corkery R.W. Blute I.A. Phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsification process. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2011 56 12 4282 4290 10.1021/je101179s
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Pal S.L. Jana U. Manna P.K. Mohanta G.P. Manavalan R. Nanoparticle: An overview of preparation and characterization. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2011 1 1 228 234
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Kumari S. Jaiswal S. Kamboj A. Formulation considerations and application of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for ocular delivery. J. Young Pharm. 2023 15 3 419 429 10.5530/jyp.2023.15.57
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Satapathy M.K. Yen T.L. Jan J.S. Tang R.D. Wang J.Y. Taliyan R. Yang C.H. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs): An advanced drug delivery system targeting the brain through BBB. Pharmaceutics 2021 13 8 1183 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081183 34452143
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Sumera A.A. Anwar A. Ovais M. Khan A. Raza A. Docetaxel‐loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: A novel drug delivery system. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2017 11 6 621 629 10.1049/iet‑nbt.2017.0001
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Alkilani A. McCrudden M.T. Donnelly R. Transdermal drug delivery: Innovative pharmaceutical developments based on disruption of the barrier properties of the stratum corneum. Pharmaceutics 2015 7 4 438 470 10.3390/pharmaceutics7040438 26506371
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Labiris N.R. Dolovich M.B. Pulmonary drug delivery. Part I: Physiological factors affecting therapeutic effectiveness of aerosolized medications. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2003 56 6 588 599 10.1046/j.1365‑2125.2003.01892.x 14616418
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Mahor A.K. Singh P.P. Gupta R. Bhardwaj P. Rathore P. Kishore A. Goyal R. Sharma N. Verma J. Rosenholm J.M. Bansal K.K. Nanostructured lipid carriers for improved delivery of therapeutics via the oral route. J. Nanotechnol. 2023 2023 1 1 35 10.1155/2023/4687959
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Ashkar A. Sosnik A. Davidovich-Pinhas M. Structured edible lipid-based particle systems for oral drug-delivery. Biotechnol. Adv. 2022 54 107789 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107789 34186162
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Yang G. Wu F. Chen M. Jin J. Wang R. Yuan Y. Formulation design, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers containing a bile salt for oral delivery of gypenosides. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2019 14 2267 2280 10.2147/IJN.S194934 31015758
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Vaja R. Rana M. Drugs and the liver. Anaesth. Intensive Care Med. 2020 21 10 517 523 10.1016/j.mpaic.2020.07.001
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Nguyen V.H. Thuy V.N. Van T.V. Dao A.H. Lee B-J. Nanostructured lipid carriers and their potential applications for versatile drug delivery via oral administration. OpenNano 2022 8 100064 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100064
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Anand A. Sugumaran A. Narayanasamy D. Brain targeted delivery of anticancer drugs: Prospective approach using solid lipid nanoparticles. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2019 13 4 353 362 10.1049/iet‑nbt.2018.5322 31171738
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Nasri H. Baradaran A. Shirzad H. Rafieian-Kopaei M. New concepts in nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals. Int. J. Prev. Med. 2014 5 12 1487 1499 25709784
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Zhu Q. Chen Z. Paul P.K. Lu Y. Wu W. Qi J. Oral delivery of proteins and peptides: Challenges, status quo and future perspectives. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 2021 11 8 2416 2448 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.001 34522593
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Calixto G.M.F. Muniz B.V. Castro S.R. de Araujo J.S.M. de Souza Amorim K. Ribeiro L.N.M. Ferreira L.E.N. de Araújo D.R. de Paula E. Franz-Montan M. Mucoadhesive, thermoreversible hydrogel, containing tetracaine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical, intranasal needle-free anesthesia. Pharmaceutics 2021 13 11 1760 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111760 34834175
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Kim S. Overview of clinical study designs. Clin. Exp. Emerg. Med. 2024 11 1 33 42 10.15441/ceem.23.036 37280050
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Patel P. Patel M. Nanostructured lipid carriers-a versatile carrier for oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Recent Pat. Nanotechnol. 2021 15 2 154 164 10.2174/1872210514666200909154959 32912129
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Iqbal M.A. Md S. Sahni J.K. Baboota S. Dang S. Ali J. Nanostructured lipid carriers system: Recent advances in drug delivery. J. Drug Target. 2012 20 10 813 830 10.3109/1061186X.2012.716845 22931500
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Pezeshki A. Hamishehkar H. Ghanbarzadeh B. Fathollahy I. Nahr F.K. Heshmati M.K. Nanostructured lipid carriers as a favorable delivery system for β-carotene. Food Biosci. 2019 27 11 17
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Subramaniam B. Siddik Z.H. Nagoor N.H. Optimization of nanostructured lipid carriers: Understanding the types, designs, and parameters in the process of formulations. J. Nanopart. Res. 2020 22 6 141 10.1007/s11051‑020‑04848‑0
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Duan Y. Dhar A. Patel C. Khimani M. Neogi S. Sharma P. Siva Kumar N. Vekariya R.L. A brief review on solid lipid nanoparticles: Part and parcel of contemporary drug delivery systems. RSC Advances 2020 10 45 26777 26791 10.1039/d0ra03491f 35515778
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Gupta A. Mittal V. Sharma A. Barak A. Arora D. Lipid-based drug delivery systems: A promising approach for overcoming bioavailability and solubility challenges in drug development. Curr. Nanomed. 2024
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Barak A. Sharma A. Mittal V. Grover R. Arora D. Gupta A. From pathophysiology to personalized treatment strategies for psoriasis. Curr. Drug Ther. 2024
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Mittal V. Sharma A. Singhal A. Sharma D. Bajwa P.S. Nanostructured lipid carriers for drug targeting: Innovations and applications in pharmaceutical sciences. Nova Science Publishers 2024 353 365
    [Google Scholar]
  60. van Rooijen M.A. Mensink R.P. Palmitic acid versus stearic acid: Effects of interesterification and intakes on cardiometabolic risk markers - A systematic review. Nutrients 2020 12 3 615 10.3390/nu12030615 32111040
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Abedi E. Akhavan H.R. Mohammadi H. Banasaz S. Structure-based modifications of nano lipid carriers: Comparative review on release properties and anti-microbial activities of bioactive compounds. Food Control 2023 ••• 110237
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Singhal A. Sharma A. Mittal V. Sharma D. Bajwa P.S. Lipid-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy: Enhancing efficacy and minimizing toxicity. Nova Science Publishers 2024 157 167
    [Google Scholar]
  63. E Eleraky N. M Omar M. A Mahmoud H. A Abou-Taleb H. Nanostructured lipid carriers to mediate brain delivery of temazepam: Design and in vivo study. Pharmaceutics 2020 12 5 12 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050451 32422903
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Sarma A. Das M.K. Formulation by Design (FbD) approach to develop Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for the aptness of nose to brain delivery. J. Drug Deliv. Ther. 2019 9 2 148 159 10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2391
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Djekic L. Martinović M. Ćirić A. Fraj J. Composite chitosan hydrogels as advanced wound dressings with sustained ibuprofen release and suitable application characteristics. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 2020 25 3 332 339 10.1080/10837450.2019.1701495 31797708
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Aljohani M. MacFhionnghaile P. McArdle P. Erxleben A. Investigation of the formation of drug-drug cocrystals and coamorphous systems of the antidiabetic drug gliclazide. Int. J. Pharm. 2019 561 35 42 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.024 30802549
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Sharma M. Sharma R. Jain D.K. Saraf A. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble carvedilol by chitosan nanoparticles: Optimization and pharmacokinetic study. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019 135 246 260 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.162 31128197
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Singh A. Neupane Y.R. Mangla B. Kohli K. Nanostructured lipid carriers for oral bioavailability enhancement of exemestane: Formulation design, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. J. Pharm. Sci. 2019 108 10 3382 3395 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.003 31201904
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Zhu X. Vo C. Taylor M. Smith B.R. Non-spherical micro- and nanoparticles in nanomedicine. Mater. Horiz. 2019 6 6 1094 1121 10.1039/C8MH01527A
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Jain A.K. Thareja S. In vitro and in vivo characterization of pharmaceutical nanocarriers used for drug delivery. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol. 2019 47 1 524 539 10.1080/21691401.2018.1561457 30784319
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Miladi K. Ibraheem D. Iqbal M. Sfar S. Fessi H. Elaissari A. Particles from preformed polymers as carriers for drug delivery. EXCLI J. 2014 13 28 57 26417241
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Czajkowska-Kośnik A. Szekalska M. Winnicka K. Nanostructured lipid carriers: A potential use for skin drug delivery systems. Pharmacol. Rep. 2019 71 1 156 166 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.008 30550996
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Waghule T. Rapalli V.K. Gorantla S. Saha R.N. Dubey S.K. Puri A. Singhvi G. Nanostructured lipid carriers as potential drug delivery systems for skin disorders. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2020 26 36 4569 4579 10.2174/1381612826666200614175236 32534562
    [Google Scholar]
  74. D’Souza A. Shegokar R. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for drug delivery: Role of liquid lipid (oil). Curr. Drug Deliv. 2020 18 3 249 270 10.2174/1567201817666200423083807 32324512
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Nasiri M. Azadi A. Zanjani M.R.S. Hamidi M. Indinavir-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers to brain drug delivery: Optimization, characterization and neuropharmacokinetic evaluation. Curr. Drug Deliv. 2019 16 4 341 354 10.2174/1567201816666190123124429 30674257
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Tirumalesh C. Suram D. Dudhipala N. Banala N. Enhanced pharmacokinetic activity of zotepine via nanostructured lipid carrier system in wistar rats for oral application. Pharm. Nanotechnol. 2020 8 2 148 160 10.2174/2211738508666200225113359 32096755
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Ranpise H.A. Gujar K.N. Pawar S.C. Awasthi R. Dua K. Mathur D. Formulation, optimization, and evaluation of ketoconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier gel for topical delivery. Drug Deliv. Lett. 2020 10 61 71
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Lu Y. Mao L. Hou Z. Miao S. Gao Y. Development of emulsion gels for the delivery of functional food ingredients: From structure to functionality. Food Eng. Rev. 2019 11 4 245 258 10.1007/s12393‑019‑09194‑z
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Abramov E. Ottaviani M.F. Shames A.I. Fattori A. Garti N. Structural characterization of reconstituted bioactive-loaded nanodomains after embedding in films using electron paramagnetic resonance and self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Langmuir 2019 35 24 7879 7886 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00578 31120758
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Bhella D. Cryo-electron microscopy: An introduction to the technique, and considerations when working to establish a national facility. Biophys. Rev. 2019 11 4 515 519 10.1007/s12551‑019‑00571‑w 31359340
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Chockalingam A. Impact of World Hypertension Day. Can. J. Cardiol. 2007 23 7 517 519 10.1016/s0828‑282x(07)70795‑x 17534457
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Cryer M.J. Horani T. DiPette D.J. Diabetes and hypertension: A comparative review of current guidelines. J. Clin. Hypertens. 2016 18 2 95 100 10.1111/jch.12638 26234374
    [Google Scholar]
  83. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2020. 2020 Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index.html
  84. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017. 2017 Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6643a1.htm
  85. Lin Y.K. Huang Z.R. Zhuo R.Z. Fang J.Y. Combination of calcipotriol and methotrexate in nanostructured lipid carriers for topical delivery. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2010 5 117 128 10.2147/ijn.s9155 20309398
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Arora R. Katiyar S.S. Kushwah V. Jain S. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carrier-based nanotherapeutics in treatment of psoriasis: A comparative study. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2017 14 2 165 177 10.1080/17425247.2017.1264386 27882780
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Viegas J.S.R. Praça F.G. Caron A.L. Suzuki I. Silvestrini A.V.P. Medina W.S.G. Del Ciampo J.O. Kravicz M. Bentley M.V.L.B. Nanostructured lipid carrier co-delivering tacrolimus and TNF-α siRNA as an innovate approach to psoriasis. Drug Deliv. Transl. Res. 2020 10 3 646 660 10.1007/s13346‑020‑00723‑6 32060883
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Ranpise N.S. Korabu S.S. Ghodake V.N. Second generation lipid nanoparticles (NLC) as an oral drug carrier for delivery of lercanidipine hydrochloride. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2014 116 81 87 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.012 24445002
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Rapalli V.K. Kaul V. Waghule T. Gorantla S. Sharma S. Roy A. Dubey S.K. Singhvi G. Curcumin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced skin retained topical delivery: optimization, scale-up, in-vitro characterization and assessment of ex-vivo skin deposition. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2020 152 105438 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105438 32598913
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Kesharwani P. Jain A. Srivastava A.K. Keshari M.K. Systematic development and characterization of curcumin-loaded nanogel for topical application. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2020 46 9 1443 1457 10.1080/03639045.2020.1793998 32644836
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Kang N.W. Kim M.H. Sohn S.Y. Kim K.T. Park J.H. Lee S.Y. Lee J.Y. Kim D.D. Curcumin-loaded lipid-hybridized cellulose nanofiber film ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice. Biomaterials 2018 182 245 258 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.030 30142524
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Mishra A. Imam S.S. Aqil M. Ahad A. Sultana Y. Ameeduzzafar Ali A. Carvedilol nano lipid carriers: Formulation, characterization and in-vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv. 2016 23 4 1486 1494 10.3109/10717544.2016.1165314 26978072
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Pradhan M Sahu K Singh D Singh M Yadav K. A method of preparation of triamcinolone acetonide encapsulated nanostructured lipid carriers for psoriasis treatment. AU Patent 2021106678 2021
  94. Parmar M. Patel L. Rathod L. Parikh K. Nanostructured lipid carriers containing tazarotene and pharmaceutical formulations containing said particles. IN Patent 201921023616 2020
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Kudamala R Suggala V Veeram J Palagati S Antipsoriatic effects of clobetasol loaded nanostructured lipid carriers on imiquimod induced psoriasis. IN Patent 202141009486. 2021
  96. Kudamala R. Shaik C. Veeram J. Medarametla K. Anna B. Chiruthanur M.C.G. Ponnaiah B. Ranganatham V. Palagati S. Clobetasol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers for topical treatment of psoriasis. IN Patent 202141046636 2021
  97. Shah M. Panigrahi L. Patravale V. Kakade P. Topical Composition. IN Patent 201921019828 2020
  98. Yan C. Zhenhai Z. Zhou L. Qingqing W. Tripterine nanostructure lipid carrier and preparation method and application thereof. CN Patent 102225205B 2013
  99. Sachdeva M.S. Patlolla R. Nanoparticle formulations for skin delivery. US Patent 8715736 2014
  100. Nafee N. Makled S. Boraie N. Nanostructured lipid carriers versus solid lipid nanoparticles for the potential treatment of pulmonary hypertension via nebulization. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2018 125 151 162 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.003 30292750
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Alam T. Khan S. Gaba B. Haider M.F. Baboota S. Ali J. Adaptation of quality by design-based development of isradipine nanostructured–lipid carrier and its evaluation for in vitro gut permeation and in vivo solubilization fate. J. Pharm. Sci. 2018 107 11 2914 2926 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.021 30076853
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Yin J. Hou Y. Yin Y. Song X. Selenium-coated nanostructured lipid carriers used for oral delivery of berberine to accomplish a synergic hypoglycemic effect. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2017 12 8671 8680 10.2147/IJN.S144615 29263662
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Aslam M. Aqil M. Ahad A. Najmi A.K. Sultana Y. Ali A. Application of Box–Behnken design for preparation of glibenclamide loaded lipid based nanoparticles: Optimization, in vitro skin permeation, drug release and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. J. Mol. Liq. 2016 219 897 908 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.03.069
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Boushra M. Tous S. Fetih G. Xue H.Y. Tran N.T. Wong H.L. Methocel-lipid hybrid nanocarrier for efficient oral insulin delivery. J. Pharm. Sci. 2016 105 5 1733 1740 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.02.018 27012226
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Beloqui A. Solinís M.Á. Rieux A. Préat V. Rodríguez-Gascón A. Dextran–protamine coated nanostructured lipid carriers as mucus-penetrating nanoparticles for lipophilic drugs. Int. J. Pharm. 2014 468 1-2 105 111 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.027 24746410
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Esposito E. Ravani L. Drechsler M. Mariani P. Contado C. Ruokolainen J. Ratano P. Campolongo P. Trezza V. Nastruzzi C. Cortesi R. Cannabinoid antagonist in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs): Design, characterization and in vivo study. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2015 48 328 336 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.012 25579930
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Esposito E. Mariani P. Ravani L. Contado C. Volta M. Bido S. Drechsler M. Mazzoni S. Menegatti E. Morari M. Cortesi R. Nanoparticulate lipid dispersions for bromocriptine delivery: Characterization and in vivo study. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2012 80 2 306 314 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.10.015 22061262
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Scioli Montoto S. Sbaraglini M.L. Talevi A. Couyoupetrou M. Di Ianni M. Pesce G.O. Alvarez V.A. Bruno-Blanch L.E. Castro G.R. Ruiz M.E. Islan G.A. Carbamazepine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2018 167 73 81 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.052 29627680
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Khan S. Baboota S. Ali J. Narang R.S. Narang J.K. Chlorogenic acid stabilized nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) of atorvastatin: Formulation, design and in vivo evaluation. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2016 42 2 209 220 10.3109/03639045.2015.1040414 26016780
    [Google Scholar]
  110. Tiwari R. Pathak K. Nanostructured lipid carrier versus solid lipid nanoparticles of simvastatin: Comparative analysis of characteristics, pharmacokinetics and tissue uptake. Int. J. Pharm. 2011 415 1-2 232 243 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.05.044 21640809
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Sinhmar G.K. Shah N.N. Chokshi N.V. Khatri H.N. Patel M.M. Process, optimization, and characterization of budesonide-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2018 44 7 1078 1089 10.1080/03639045.2018.1434194 29376433
    [Google Scholar]
  112. Zhang X. Zhang T. Zhou X. Liu H. Sun H. Ma Z. Wu B. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of tripterine through lipid nanospheres: Preparation, characterization, and absorption evaluation. J. Pharm. Sci. 2014 103 6 1711 1719 10.1002/jps.23967 24700417
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Park S.J. Garcia C.V. Shin G.H. Kim J.T. Improvement of curcuminoid bioaccessibility from turmeric by a nanostructured lipid carrier system. Food Chem. 2018 251 51 57 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.071 29426423
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Zhang T. Chen J. Zhang Y. Shen Q. Pan W. Characterization and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carrier as a vehicle for oral delivery of etoposide. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2011 43 3 174 179 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.04.005 21530654
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Kaur P. Garg T. Rath G. Murthy R.S.R. Goyal A.K. Development, optimization and evaluation of surfactant-based pulmonary nanolipid carrier system of paclitaxel for the management of drug resistance lung cancer using Box-Behnken design. Drug Deliv. 2016 23 6 1912 1925 10.3109/10717544.2014.993486 25544602
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Liu R. Wang S. Sun L. Fang S. Wang J. Huang X. You Z. He X. Liu C. A novel cationic nanostructured lipid carrier for improvement of ocular bioavailability: Design, optimization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2016 33 28 36 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.03.009
    [Google Scholar]
  117. Li X. Nie S. Kong J. Li N. Ju C. Pan W. A controlled-release ocular delivery system for ibuprofen based on nanostructured lipid carriers. Int. J. Pharm. 2008 363 1-2 177 182 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.07.017 18706987
    [Google Scholar]
  118. Luo Q. Zhao J. Zhang X. Pan W. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) coated with Chitosan Oligosaccharides and its potential use in ocular drug delivery system. Int. J. Pharm. 2011 403 1-2 185 191 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.10.013 20951778
    [Google Scholar]
  119. Araújo J. Nikolic S. Egea M.A. Souto E.B. Garcia M.L. Nanostructured lipid carriers for triamcinolone acetonide delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2011 88 1 150 157 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.06.025 21764568
    [Google Scholar]
  120. Shamma R. Aburahma M. Follicular delivery of spironolactone via nanostructured lipid carriers for management of alopecia. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2014 9 5449 5460 10.2147/IJN.S73010 25473283
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Wang L. Luo Q. Lin T. Li R. Zhu T. Zhou K. Ji Z. Song J. Jia B. Zhang C. Chen W. Zhu G. PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers (PEG–NLC) as a novel drug delivery system for biochanin A. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2015 41 7 1204 1212 10.3109/03639045.2014.938082 25010850
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Piazzini V. Lemmi B. D’Ambrosio M. Cinci L. Luceri C. Bilia A.R. Bergonzi M.C. Nanostructured lipid carriers as promising delivery systems for plant extracts: The case of silymarin. Appl. Sci. 2018 8 7 1163 10.3390/app8071163
    [Google Scholar]
  123. Pardeike J. Weber S. Haber T. Wagner J. Zarfl H.P. Plank H. Zimmer A. Development of an Itraconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation for pulmonary application. Int. J. Pharm. 2011 419 1-2 329 338 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.040 21839157
    [Google Scholar]
  124. Chen-yu G. Chun-fen Y. Qi-lu L. Qi T. Yan-wei X. Wei-na L. Guang-xi Z. Development of a Quercetin-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier formulation for topical delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 2012 430 1-2 292 298 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.042 22486962
    [Google Scholar]
  125. Patil-Gadhe A. Pokharkar V. Montelukast-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: Part I Oral bioavailability improvement. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2014 88 1 160 168 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.019 24878424
    [Google Scholar]
  126. Shirodkar R.K. Kumar L. Mutalik S. Lewis S. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Emerging lipid-based drug delivery systems. Pharm. Chem. J. 2019 53 5 440 453 10.1007/s11094‑019‑02017‑9
    [Google Scholar]
  127. Hanna P.A. Ghorab M.M. Gad S. Development of betamethasone dipropionate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical and transdermal delivery. Antiinflamm. Antiallergy Agents Med. Chem. 2019 18 1 26 44 10.2174/1871523017666181115104159 30430947
    [Google Scholar]
  128. Rizvi S.Z.H. Shah F.A. Khan N. Muhammad I. Ali K.H. Ansari M.M. Din F. Qureshi O.S. Kim K.W. Choe Y.H. Kim J.K. Zeb A. Simvastatin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for enhanced anti-hyperlipidemic activity in hyperlipidemia animal model. Int. J. Pharm. 2019 560 136 143 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.002 30753932
    [Google Scholar]
  129. Kamble P. Singh P. A critical review on potential advancements of nanostructured lipid carriers in drug delivery. Curr. Nanomed. 2020 10 4 298 325 10.2174/2468187310999200818110030
    [Google Scholar]
  130. Bhatt S. Kumar M. Devi S. Upadhyay P.K. Saini V. Mittal A. Recent advances in the development of nanostructured lipid carriers for topical fungal infections. J. Rep Pharm Sci 2020 9 2 271 278 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_99_19
    [Google Scholar]
  131. Haider M. Abdin S.M. Kamal L. Orive G. Nanostructured lipid carriers for delivery of chemotherapeutics: A review. Pharmaceutics 2020 12 3 288 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030288 32210127
    [Google Scholar]
  132. Rathod V.R. Shah D.A. Dave R.H. Systematic implementation of quality-by-design (QbD) to develop NSAID-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for ocular application: Preformulation screening studies and statistical hybrid-design for optimization of variables. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2020 46 3 443 455 10.1080/03639045.2020.1724135 32037896
    [Google Scholar]
  133. Kochar P. Nayak K. Thakkar S. Polaka S. Khunt D. Misra M. Exploring the potential of minoxidil tretinoin liposomal based hydrogel for topical delivery in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. 2020 39 1 43 53 10.1080/15569527.2019.1694032 31741401
    [Google Scholar]
  134. Fernandes A.V. Pydi C.R. Verma R. Jose J. Kumar L. Design, preparation and in vitro characterizations of fluconazole loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 2020 56 e18069 10.1590/s2175‑97902019000318069
    [Google Scholar]
  135. Entezar-Almahdi E. Mohammadi-Samani S. Tayebi L. Farjadian F. Recent advances in designing 5-fluorouracil delivery systems: A stepping stone in the safe treatment of colorectal cancer. Int. J. Nanomed 2020 15 5445 5458 10.2147/IJN.S257700.
    [Google Scholar]
  136. Poovi G. Vijayakumar T.M. Damodharan N. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: a review of the effect of physicochemical formulation factors in the optimization process, different preparation techniques, characterization, and toxicity. Curr. Nanosci. 2019 15 5 436 453 10.2174/1573413714666180809120435
    [Google Scholar]
  137. Li T. Nowell C.J. Cipolla D. Rades T. Boyd B.J. Direct comparison of standard transmission electron microscopy and cryogenic-TEM in imaging nanocrystals inside liposomes. Mol. Pharm. 2019 16 4 1775 1781 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01308 30810323
    [Google Scholar]
  138. Shaheen M.A. Elmeadawy S.H. Bazeed F.B. Anees M.M. Saleh N.M. Innovative coenzyme Q10-loaded nanoformulation as an adjunct approach for the management of moderate periodontitis: Preparation, evaluation, and clinical study. Drug Deliv. Transl. Res. 2020 10 2 548 564 10.1007/s13346‑019‑00698‑z 31953677
    [Google Scholar]
  139. Kharat M. McClements D.J. Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) using a plant-based emulsifier: Quillaja saponin. Food Res. Int. 2019 126 108601 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108601 31732055
    [Google Scholar]
  140. Kadam T. Agrawal S. A short review on the important aspects involved in preparation, characterization and application of nanostructured lipid carriers for drug delivery. Curr. Nanomed. 2020 10 188 207 10.2174/2468187310999200728140914
    [Google Scholar]
  141. Basha S.K. Dhandayuthabani R. Muzammil M.S. Kumari V.S. Solid lipid nanoparticles for oral drug delivery. Mater. Today Proc. 2020 36 313 324 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.109
    [Google Scholar]
  142. Wang J. Tang J. Zhou X. Xia Q. Physicochemical characterization, identification and improved photo-stability of α-lipoic acid-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2014 40 2 201 210 10.3109/03639045.2012.753901 23336811
    [Google Scholar]
  143. Babazadeh A. Ghanbarzadeh B. Hamishehkar H. Novel nanostructured lipid carriers as a promising food grade delivery system for rutin. J. Funct. Foods 2016 26 167 175 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.017
    [Google Scholar]
  144. Hentschel A. Gramdorf S. Müller R.H. Kurz T. β-carotene-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. J. Food Sci. 2008 73 2 N1 N6 10.1111/j.1750‑3841.2007.00641.x 18298743
    [Google Scholar]
  145. Syed S. Karjiker R.R. Dashinam D.M. Bajwa P.S. Characterization of dexamethasone-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) hydrogel formulation for sustained drug release. J. Pharm. Sci. 2022 111 4 1373 1381
    [Google Scholar]
  146. Soleimanian Y. Goli S.A.H. Varshosaz J. Sahafi S.M. Formulation and characterization of novel nanostructured lipid carriers made from beeswax, propolis wax and pomegranate seed oil. Food Chem. 2018 244 83 92 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.010 29120809
    [Google Scholar]
  147. Tichota D.M. Zengin G. Locatelli M. Tommasi N. Milella L. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) as novel topical delivery systems for argan oil: A 30-day clinical study to assess skin hydration. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2014 9 3855 3862 10.2147/IJN.S64008 25143733
    [Google Scholar]
  148. Kadam VT Nanjwade BK Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) drug delivery systems for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. IN Patent 1251/MUM/2012 2012
  149. Alhalmi A. Amin S. Khan Z. Beg S. Al kamaly O. Saleh A. Kohli K. Nanostructured lipid carrier-based codelivery of raloxifene and naringin: Formulation, optimization, in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo assessment, and acute toxicity studies. Pharmaceutics 2022 14 9 1771 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091771 36145519
    [Google Scholar]
  150. Ong Y.S. Saiful Yazan L. Ng W.K. Noordin M.M. Sapuan S. Foo J.B. Tor Y.S. Acute and subacute toxicity profiles of thymoquinone-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier in BALB/c mice. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2016 11 5905 5915 10.2147/IJN.S114205 27877037
    [Google Scholar]
  151. Nordin N. Yeap S.K. Zamberi N.R. Abu N. Mohamad N.E. Rahman H.S. How C.W. Masarudin M.J. Abdullah R. Alitheen N.B. Characterization and toxicity of citral incorporated with nanostructured lipid carrier. PeerJ 2018 6 e3916 10.7717/peerj.3916 29312812
    [Google Scholar]
  152. Khan A.A. Mudassir J. Akhtar S. Murugaiyah V. Darwis Y. Freeze-dried lopinavir-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced cellular uptake and bioavailability: Statistical optimization, in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Pharmaceutics 2019 11 2 97 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020097 30823545
    [Google Scholar]
  153. Pinheiro M. Ribeiro R. Vieira A. Andrade F. Reis S. Design of a nanostructured lipid carrier intended to improve the treatment of tuberculosis. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 2016 10 2467 2475 10.2147/DDDT.S104395 27536067
    [Google Scholar]
  154. Syed Azhar S.N.A. Ashari S.E. Zainuddin N. Hassan M. Nanostructured lipid carriers-hydrogels system for drug delivery: Nanohybrid technology perspective. Molecules 2022 27 1 289 10.3390/molecules27010289 35011520
    [Google Scholar]
  155. Mozaffar S. Radi M. Amiri S. McClements D.J. A new approach for drying of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) by spray-drying and using sodium chloride as the excipient. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2021 61 102212 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102212
    [Google Scholar]
  156. Salvi V.R. Pawar P. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) system: A novel drug targeting carrier. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2019 51 255 267 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.017
    [Google Scholar]
  157. Jaiswal P. Gidwani B. Vyas A. Nanostructured lipid carriers and their current application in targeted drug delivery. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol. 2016 44 1 27 40 10.3109/21691401.2014.909822 24813223
    [Google Scholar]
  158. Viegas C. Patrício A.B. Prata J.M. Nadhman A. Chintamaneni P.K. Fonte P. Solid lipid nanoparticles vs. nanostructured lipid carriers: A comparative review. Pharmaceutics 2023 15 6 1593 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061593 37376042
    [Google Scholar]
  159. Chauhan I. Yasir M. Verma M. Singh A.P. Nanostructured lipid carriers: A groundbreaking approach for transdermal drug delivery. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 2020 10 2 150 165 10.34172/apb.2020.021 32373485
    [Google Scholar]
  160. Thi T.T.H. Suys E.J.A. Lee J.S. Nguyen D.H. Park K.D. Truong N.P. Lipid-based nanoparticles in the clinic and clinical trials: From cancer nanomedicine to COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccines 2021 9 4 359 10.3390/vaccines9040359 33918072
    [Google Scholar]
  161. Tichota D.M. Silva A.C. Sousa Lobo J.M. Amaral M.H. Design, characterization, and clinical evaluation of argan oil nanostructured lipid carriers to improve skin hydration. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2014 9 3855 3864 10.2147/IJN.S64008 25143733
    [Google Scholar]
  162. Ventola C.L. Progress in nanomedicine: Approved and investigational nanodrugs. 2017 42 12 742 755 29234213
    [Google Scholar]
  163. Abdel-Mageed H.M. Abd El Aziz A.E. Mohamed S.A. AbuelEzz N.Z. The tiny big world of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: An updated review. J. Microencapsul. 2022 39 1 72 94 10.1080/02652048.2021.2021307 34958628
    [Google Scholar]
  164. Chen C.C. Tsai T.H. Huang Z.R. Fang J.Y. Effects of lipophilic emulsifiers on the oral administration of lovastatin from nanostructured lipid carriers: Physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2010 74 3 474 482 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.12.008 20060469
    [Google Scholar]
  165. Agrawal Y. Petkar K.C. Sawant K.K. Development, evaluation and clinical studies of Acitretin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical treatment of psoriasis. Int. J. Pharm. 2010 401 1-2 93 102 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.09.007 20858539
    [Google Scholar]
  166. Mohammadi M Assadpour E Jafari SM ncapsulation of food ingredients by nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). In:Lipid-Based Nanostructures for Food Encapsulation Purposes. Academic Press Cambridge, Massachusetts 2019 217 270 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑815673‑5.00007‑6
    [Google Scholar]
  167. Eaton P. Quaresma P. Soares C. Neves C. de Almeida M.P. Pereira E. West P. A direct comparison of experimental methods to measure dimensions of synthetic nanoparticles. Ultramicroscopy 2017 182 179 190 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.07.001 28692935
    [Google Scholar]
  168. Salminen H. Gömmel C. Leuenberger B.H. Weiss J. Influence of encapsulated functional lipids on crystal structure and chemical stability in solid lipid nanoparticles: Towards bioactive-based design of delivery systems. Food Chem. 2016 190 928 937 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.054 26213058
    [Google Scholar]
  169. Souto E.B. Müller R.H. Cosmetic features and applications of lipid nanoparticles (SLN ®, NLC ® ). Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2008 30 3 157 165 10.1111/j.1468‑2494.2008.00433.x 18452432
    [Google Scholar]
  170. Cavalli R. Peira E. Caputo O. Gasco M.R. Solid lipid nanoparticles as carriers of hydrocortisone and progesterone complexes with β-cyclodextrins. Int. J. Pharm. 1999 182 1 59 69 10.1016/S0378‑5173(99)00066‑6 10332075
    [Google Scholar]
  171. Javed S. Mangla B. Almoshari Y. Sultan M.H. Ahsan W. Nanostructured lipid carrier system: A compendium of their formulation development approaches, optimization strategies by quality by design, and recent applications in drug delivery. Nanotechnol. Rev. 2022 11 1 1744 1777 10.1515/ntrev‑2022‑0109
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cnm/10.2174/0124054615360932250721110031
Loading
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Modern Approach to Optimizing Drug Delivery Systems
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0124054615360932250721110031
/content/journals/cnm/10.2174/0124054615360932250721110031
/content/journals/cnm/10.2174/0124054615360932250721110031
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: nanotechnologies ; lipids ; bioavailability ; topical delivery ; carriers ; Nano-structure

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test