Preparation and Evaluation of a Food Additive Based on Polymeric Nanoparticles for Controlled Delivery of Antioxidant Extracts

Background: Advances in nanotechnology have enabled new strategies for transport, controlled deliver, preservation and increases in stability of degradable biomolecules. Nanoparticles have been developed for alimentary porpoises, using a great diversity of raw materials. Poly(lactide-coglicolide) acid (PLGA) a biodegradable polyester, has been used extensively as a controlled delivery platform for a great variety of biomolecules and drugs. Methods: Extracts from Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris were obtained and characterized, PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method and loaded with antioxidant extracts. Finally, antioxidant- loaded nanoparticles were incorporated into a film-forming solution and antioxidant release were tested in a meal preparation. Results: Antioxidant-loaded nanoparticles (300 – 500 nm), were prepared with adequate stability. Encapsulation efficiency showed a mean value of 67.4 % for bean and 41 % for corn extracts. IR-FT provided information about nanoparticle formation and encapsulation. Kinetic release of antioxidants demonstrate a prolonged delivery of phenolic compounds from nanoparticles (< 60 h). In situ test showed the functionality of PLGA-NP as food additive for controlled release of antioxidants. Conclusion: Antioxidant encapsulation and loading efficiency in PLGA matrix, produce a stable nanostructure with adequate characteristics for sustained and controlled release, with a great variety of possible applications as an alimentary additive.