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image of Non-Ionic Surfactants (NIOs) in Niosome Drug Delivery: In-Depth Review of Clinical Trials, Patents in Tuberculosis (TB) and Oncology

Abstract

Niosomes (NIOs), as non-ionic surfactant based vesicles, have emerged as versatile nanocarriers in the targeted delivery of drugs due to their biocompatibility, chemical stability, and ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Their utility has gained significant traction in addressing challenges associated with conventional therapies, for chronic and resistant diseases, Tuberculosis (TB), and cancer. This review critically evaluates the role of non-ionic surfactant in the formulation of NIOs, emphasizing their influence on clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and targeted drug delivery. It also explores the emerging patent landscape and translational potential of NIOs systems in TB and oncology. A comprehensive literature and patent database search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Elsevier, SpringerLink, and ClinicalTrials.gov, as well as Google Patents, USPTO, and WIPO, covering publications and patents from 2020-2025 onwards. The relevant studies, clinical trials, and granted patents involving NIOs formulations with non-ionic surfactant were systematically analyzed for their formulation design, therapeutic outcomes, and disease-specific applications. The study showed a notable rise in research and patents on NIOs drug delivery using non-ionic surfactant categories. In TB, these systems enhanced Bioavailability (BA), sustained drug release, and targeted macrophages. In cancer therapy, they enabled controlled release, minimized side effects, and improved tumor targeting. The recent patents highlight advances in combination therapies, responsive systems, and ligand-based targeting, reflecting a trend toward personalized medicine. Non-ionic surfactant play a critical role in modulating the performance of NIOs drug carriers. Their strategic application in TB and oncology represents a promising avenue for improving therapeutic outcomes. Continued research and innovation in this field, as reflected by patent trends, highlight the translational potential of non-ionic surfactant-based NIOs formulations toward clinical use.

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2025-11-13
2026-02-28

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Non-Ionic Surfactants (NIOs) in Niosome Drug Delivery: In-Depth Review of Clinical Trials, Patents in Tuberculosis (TB) and Oncology
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873413153251014082026
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/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873413153251014082026
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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: targeted delivery ; nanocarrier ; tuberculosis ; niosomes ; treatment ; Cancer

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