On Combustion Generated Nanoparticles and their Biological Effects. Part I:Measurement of Nanoparticles and their Detection in and Behind Flames

This series aims at the measurement of flame generated nanoparticles and an assessment of their biological effects. In the present part a brief review is given on previous papers dealing with nanoparticles with emphasis on detection through various methods. A more detailed account is provided of own measurements using photo ionization mass spectrometry. This includes photo fragmentation, spectra of low pressure flames, coagulation effects, and nanoparticle measurements in the exhaust gas of a sooting normal pressure premixed flame well outside of the visible zone. A model on nanoparticle formation is discussed as are its implications on emissions of vehicle engines.