Skip to content
2000
Volume 18, Issue 5
  • ISSN: 2666-1454
  • E-ISSN: 2666-1462

Abstract

Introduction/Objectives

The main key input variables to this optimization technique for constructing incomplete block designs are using bipartite and spanning subgraphs through numerical examples of vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. The theory of graphs plays a significant role in mathematical sciences and engineering technologies. In addition, the graph models many relations and processes in physical, biological, social, and information systems. The construction methods using Partially Incomplete Block Designs () with differential equations through bipartite and spanning subgraphs that predict hot stabilized vehicle fuel consumption and emission rates for different drivers using different cars are studied in this paper. The other modelling of fuel consumption and emissions have appeared as an essential tool, which helps to develop and measure vehicle techniques and to help estimate vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. This paper aims to develop an optimization technique for the construction method for incomplete block designs LSD with (2) through vehicle fuel consumption and emissions.

Methods

An incomplete block design can be constructed using statistical analysis with bipartite and spanning subgraphs. First, the method for the construction of using bipartite graphs. The second method for the construction of () using spanning subgraphs. The two construction methods are through numerical examples of an oil company testing five mixings of petrol for fuel efficiency and emission according to the variability of five drivers and five models of cars.

Results

The inference of the first model of (2) using -value of 0.08 implies the model is not significant (-values greater than 0.05). The second model has no significant difference between petrol fuel efficiency and emissions. In the third model, there is no significant difference in fuel efficiency between different cars of petrol bunks.

Conclusion

Finally, it is concluded that the response variable is represented above the maximum quality scores from our fourth driver using a second car to the fourth petrol bunk in fuel efficiency.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cms/10.2174/2666145416666230609144101
2023-07-19
2025-10-18

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cms/10.2174/2666145416666230609144101
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. ParsonsT. D Ramsey graphs and block designs.J. Comb. Theory Ser. A.1976201121910.1016/0097‑3165(76)90074‑1
     [Google Scholar]
  2. BarthM. Model Emission Modeling: A Physical Approach.Transp. Res. Rec.1996152018188
     [Google Scholar]
  3. AnF. BarthM.J. ScoraG. RossM. Modeling enplanement emissions for light-duty vehicles.Transp. Res. Rec.1998164114857
     [Google Scholar]
  4. AhnK. Estimating vehicle fuel consumption and emissions based on instantaneous speed and acceleration levels.Transportation Research Record200011710.3141/2260‑14
     [Google Scholar]
  5. BarandaghR.F. Strongly regular graphs arising from balanced incomplete block design with λ = 1.Gen. Math. Notes20142427077
     [Google Scholar]
  6. FarisW.F. RakhaH.A. KafafyR.I. IdresM. ElmoselhyS. Vehicle fuel consumption and emission modelling: An in-depth literature review.Int. J. Veh. Syst. Model. Test.201163/431839510.1504/IJVSMT.2011.044232
     [Google Scholar]
  7. ShirkolS.S. Partially balanced incomplete block designs arising from minimum total dominating sets in a graphs.Int. J. Math. Res.201351119126
     [Google Scholar]
  8. BoseR.C. NairK.R. Partially balanced incomplete block designs.Indian J. Stat.193943337372
     [Google Scholar]
  9. BoseR. C Strongly regular graphs, partial geometries and partially balanced designs, (United States Air Force under Grant No. AF AFOSR)Pacific J. Math.1962132389419https://msp.org/pjm/1963/13-2/pjm-v13-n2-p04-s.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  10. SivamaranV. BalasubramanianV. GopalakrishnanM. ViswabaskaranV. RaoA.G. Identification of appropriate catalyst system for the growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes via catalytic chemical vapor deposition process in a single step batch technique.Mater. Res. Express201961010562010.1088/2053‑1591/ab3cbb
     [Google Scholar]
  11. SivamaranV Effect of chemical vapor deposition parameters on the diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.Int Nano Lett2018829730810.1007/s40089‑018‑0252‑4
     [Google Scholar]
  12. SivamaranV Optimizing chemical vapor deposition parameters to attain minimum diameter carbon nano tubes by response surface methodology.J. Adv. Microsc. Res.201813218118910.1166/jamr.2018.1377
     [Google Scholar]
  13. WalikarH.B. AcharyaB.D. ShirkolS.S. Designs associated with maximum independent sets of a graph.Des. Codes Cryptogr.20105719110510.1007/s10623‑009‑9351‑6
     [Google Scholar]
  14. AsplundJ.S. Edge coloring BIBDS and constructing MOELRs, Ph.D. Thesis,Michigan Technological University2010114510.37099/mtu.dc.etds/202
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Kumar GargD. FarooqS.A. Construction of PBIB designs through chosen lines and triangles of graphs.IJMTT201481253210.14445/22315373/IJMTT‑V8P505
     [Google Scholar]
  16. SivamaranV. KavimaniV. BakkiyarajM. SelvamaniS.T. Multi response optimization on tribo-mechanical properties of CNTs/nSiC reinforced hybrid Al MMC through RSM approach.Forces in Mechanics2022610006910006910.1016/j.finmec.2021.100069
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cms/10.2174/2666145416666230609144101
Loading
An Optimisation Technique with the Method of Construction for Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions Using Incomplete Block Designs with Some Special Types of Graphs
Current Materials Science 18, 580 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/2666145416666230609144101
/content/journals/cms/10.2174/2666145416666230609144101
/content/journals/cms/10.2174/2666145416666230609144101
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): BIBD; bipartite graph; emissions; fuel; LSD; PBIBD(2); RBD; spanning subgraphs; Vehicle

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test