Current Medical Imaging - Volume 20, Issue 1, 2024

Cerebellopontine angle lipoma is a rare tumor that composes less than 1% of all CPA tumors. There has been no recorded case of unilateral CPA/IAC lipoma with sudden contralateral deafness yet.

We report a 52-year-old man diagnosed with right cerebellopontine angle lipoma and combined left total deafness. Pure-tone audiometry revealed total sensorineural deafness in his left ear and moderate sensorineural deafness in the right ear. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids, batroxobin, and other symptomatic treatments. There was no substantial improvement in hearing after 14 days’ treatment.

We chose conservative treatment for him. It is advised to wear hearing aids in the right ear and to undergo regular imaging monitoring.

Treatment options for such patients should be chosen by taking into account the degree of bilateral hearing loss, the size and location of the tumor, the possibility of preserving hearing during surgery, the functional level of the patient's facial nerve, and other factors.

Arthritis of the hip caused by arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has been rarely reported. Therefore, total hip replacement (THR) in patients with AVM-induced arthritis of the hip is challenging.

We report a 44-year-old woman with aggravated right hip pain during the past decade. The patient presented with severe pain and a functional disorder of the right hip. X-ray examination revealed severely narrowed right hip joint space and abnormal trabecular bone loss in the femoral neck and trochanter area. Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography revealed AVMs surrounding the right hip, along with erosion. To ensure the safety of THR, we performed vascular embolization and temporary balloon occlusion of the iliac artery three times during the operation. However, serious hemorrhage occurred, which was rescued by the multimodality blood conservation strategy. THR was successfully performed, and the patient was discharged 8 d later for rehabilitation. Postoperative pathological examination showed osteonecrosis of the femoral head with malformed thick-walled vessels and focal granulomatous inflammation of the surrounding soft tissues. The Harris Hip Scale score increased from 31 to 82 at 3 mo of follow-up. The patient was followed up for 1 year, and all her clinical symptoms were significantly alleviated.

Arthritis of the hip caused by AVMs is rare in clinical practice. The activity and function of the involved hip joint can be effectively treated with THR after comprehensive imaging and multidisciplinary consultation.

Arthritis of the hip caused by arteriovenous malformations is rarely reported. Total hip replacement (THR) is a reliable and effective option for the treatment of advanced arthritis of the hip. We report a 44-year-old woman with aggravated pain in the right hip during the past decade. With the vascular intervention and multimodality blood conservation strategy. THR can be successfully performed in patients with AVM-induced arthritis of the hip.

Uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) is a rare tumor that arises in the myometrium of the uterus. It is regarded as an intermediate malignant tumor according to the recent World Health Organization classification. Few studies have reported the radiologic findings of STUMP, and the differentiation of STUMP from leiomyoma remains controversial.

A 42-year-old nulliparous female presented at our institution with massive vaginal bleeding. Radiological studies, including ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging, revealed an oval-shaped mass with well-defined margins in the uterus protruding into the vagina. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, and the final pathology was confirmed as STUMP.

Distinguishing STUMP from leiomyomas based solely on radiological findings can be challenging. However, if the uterine mass appears as a single mass lacking acoustic shadowing on ultrasound and demonstrates diffusion restriction with high T2 signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging, consideration of STUMP may be necessary for proper patient management, given the poor prognosis associated with this tumor.

With the advancement of computer and medical imaging technologies, a number of high-resolution, voxel-based, full-body human anatomical models have been developed for medical education, industrial design, and physics simulation studies. However, these models are limited in many applications because they are often only in an upstanding posture.

To quickly develop multi-pose human models for different applications. A semi-automatic framework for voxel deformation is proposed in the study.

This paper describes a framework for human pose deformation based on three-dimensional (3D) medical images. The voxel model is first converted into a surface model using a surface reconstruction algorithm. Second, a deformation skeleton based on human bones is defined, and the surface model is bound to the skeleton. The bone Glow algorithm is used to assign weights to the surface vertices. Then, the model is deformed to the target posture by using the Smoothed Rotation Enhanced As-Rigid-As-Possible (SR-ARAP) algorithm. Finally, the volume-filling algorithm is applied to refill the tissues into the deformed surface model.

The proposed framework is used to deform two standing human models, and the sitting and running models are developed. The results show that the framework can successfully develop the target pose. When compared to the results of the As-Rigid-As-Possible algorithm, SR-ARAP preserves local tissues better.

The study proposes a frame for voxel human model deformation and improves the local tissue integrity during deformation.

Synthetic MRI can provide multiple contrast-weighted brain images with high resolution from a single scan via a 3D sequence using an interleaved Look-Locker acquisition sequence with a T2 preparation pulse (3D-QALAS).

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic image quality of 3D synthetic MRI using compressed sensing (CS) in clinical practice.

We retrospectively reviewed the imaging data of 47 patients who underwent brain MRI, including 3D synthetic MRI using CS in a single session, between December 2020 and February 2021. Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated the overall image quality, anatomic demarcation, and artifacts for synthetic 3D T1-weighted, T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR), and double inversion recovery images, using a 5-point Likert scale. The interobserver agreement between the two readers was assessed using percent agreement and weighted κ statistics.

The overall image quality of 3D synthetic T1WI and PSIR was good to excellent, with easy or excellent anatomic demarcation and mild or no visible artifact. However, other 3D synthetic MRI-derived images showed insufficient image quality and anatomic demarcation with marked CSF pulsation artifacts. In particular, 3D synthetic FLAIR showed high-signal artifacts on the brain surface.

3D synthetic MRI, at its current status, cannot completely replace conventional brain MRI in daily clinical practice. However, 3D synthetic MRI can achieve scan-time reduction using CS and parallel imaging and may be useful for motion-prone or pediatric patients requiring 3D images where time-efficiency is important.

Carbonated beverages and puffed foods are popular among young people during leisure and entertainment. However, there have been a few death cases reported after ingesting large amounts of junk food in a short time.

A 34-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with acute abdominal pain due to a bad mood and consumption of large amounts of carbonated beverages and puffed foods. Emergency surgery revealed a ruptured dilated stomach combined with severe abdominal infection, and the patient died after the surgery.

We should keep in mind the possibility of gastrointestinal perforation in patients with acute abdomen with a history of heavy consumption of carbonated beverages and puffed foods. We need to evaluate the acute abdomen patients after taking large amounts of carbonated beverages and puffed foods in combination with symptoms, signs, inflammatory indicators, imaging and other examinations, and the possibility of gastric perforation needs to be considered, and emergency repair surgery should be arranged.

The chest X-ray (CXR) remains a widely used examination in the evaluation of patients with fever, to diagnose or rule out pneumonia. Recently, a study by our group suggested that it has no diagnostic value in patients with fever without respiratory signs and/or symptoms.

The objective of this study is to validate the results of our previous study.

A retrospective study was conducted in two hospitals in the Netherlands.

All patients that were referred to the internal medicine emergency department between May 2018 and May 2019 with a suspected infection defined as fever (temperature ≥38°C) or hypothermia (temperature <36°C) or CRP ≥100µg/mL.

We defined our primary outcome as the number of newly diagnosed pneumonia by CXR in cases of suspected infection with no obvious site of infection and nor localizing symptoms or signs.

We included 1052 patients, of which 106 did not have respiratory signs or symptoms. In this group, none of the CXRs (95% CI 0-2.36%) showed an infiltrate. Combined with our previous study, 176 CXRs were performed in patients with no respiratory signs or symptoms. None (95% CI 0-1.42%) showed an infiltrate.

Our results confirm that a CXR has no diagnostic value in the workup of fever without localizing signs or symptoms.

This study aimed to assess the response of combretastatin-A4-phosphate (CA4P) in rabbit VX2 liver tumors using intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MRI (IVIM DW-MRI).

Forty rabbits with implanted VX2 liver tumors underwent baseline MRI and were then given 10 mg/kg CA4P (n=20) or saline (n=20). After 4 h, 10 rabbits from each group underwent an MRI examination and were then sacrificed. The remaining rabbits underwent MRI after 1, 3, and 7 days and were then sacrificed. Liver samples were processed for H&E and immunohistochemical staining. IVIM parameters (D, f, D*) were compared in the treatment and control groups, and the correlations of IVIM parameters with microvascular density (MVD) were determined.

At 4 h, the two treatment groups had significantly different f and D* values (p<0.001), and these values were at their minimum in the treatment group. The treatment group had moderate correlations between MVD and f at 4 h (r=0.676, p=0.032) and 7 days (r=0.656, p=0.039) and with D* at 4 h (r=0.732, p=0.016) and 7 days (r=0.748, p=0.013), but no correlation was reported between MVD and f or D* in the control group (all P>0.05).

IVIM DW-MRI is a sensitive imaging technique. It successfully evaluated the effect of CA4P on VX2 liver tumors in rabbits. The f and D* values correlated with MVD at 4 h and 7 days after using CA4P, indicating that these parameters have the potential to be used as indicators of tumor angiogenesis after treatment.

To analyze the MRI findings of stage IA ovarian cancer.

The data on age distribution, clinical symptoms at onset, CA125 detection, MRI findings, including tumor volume, structure, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and enhancement, etc., of the patients with stage IA ovarian cancer, who were admitted to Nantong tumor Hospital between 2013 and 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.

Only 11 cases of stage IA ovarian cancer were recorded. The age of patients was 30–67 (average 52) years. The initial symptoms were mostly lower abdominal distension and abdominal pain. CA125 was 90% positive. MRI features 1. Large pelvic mass with a volume range of 23–2,009 cm³ (average 669 cm³). 2. Five cases of cyst type (with plaque-like, papillary, or mural nodule vegetations), two cases of cystic-solid mixed type (with thickened septum or wall), and four cases of solid type. 3. DWI diffusion was limited, and ADC was reduced on all solid components (vegetation, septa, and cyst wall). 4. The solid parts were significantly enhanced on T1-enhanced MRI. 5. There was no metastasis in the pelvic cavity, and a few ascites (negative tumor cells) in three patients.

MRI characteristics of stage IA ovarian carcinomas were large tumors; cystic, cystic-solid, or solid; solid parts limited diffusion on DWI and low ADC; enhancement of the cyst wall, vegetation, and septa; no pelvic metastasis.

Imaging studies play a crucial role in diagnosing femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), including plain radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). FAI is a combined pathology of bony abnormality, labral and labrocartilagenous erosions. Surgical treatment for such cases has become more established and preoperative imaging is the roadmap that includes the assessment of labrum and articular cartilage.

During a period of 2 years, thirty-seven patients with a clinical diagnosis of FAI were retrospectively enrolled in this study, including 17 men and 20 women, aged 27–62 years. There were 22 right hips and 15 left hips. MRI was done for all patients to identify bony details, labral and chondral abnormalities and to exclude coexisting disorders. The imaging findings were compared with the arthroscopic data.

15 patients had Pincer FAI, 11 patients had CAM, and 11 patients had combined Cam/Pincer FAI. Labral tear was detected in 100% of patients, 97% had an anterosuperior labral tear. 82% of patients had partial thickness cartilage lesions and 8% had full thickness cartilage lesions. MRI had a sensitivity of 100% compared to hip arthroscopy in detecting labral tear, 60% in detecting cartilage erosion.

Conventional hip MRI detects bony changes in FAI, type of impingement and associated labral tear and cartilage erosions in comparison to the hip arthroscopy.

Subchondral insufficiency fractures (SIF) of the knee joint are prevalent in osteoporosis patients over the age of 55. Early diagnosis of SIF fracture of the medial femoral condyle is crucial for delaying disease progression, early therapy, and potential disease reversal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in detecting SIF, which is often undetectable on initial radiographs.

This study aimed at developing a grading system for subchondral insufficiency fractures (SIF) based on MRI to predict outcomes and evaluate risk factors.

In this study, MRI was used to examine SIF risk variables in the medial condyle of the femur to help clinicians diagnose, treat, and delay the condition. A total of 386 patients with SIF from 2019 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into 106 patients in the disease group and 280 patients in the control group according to whether they had SIF. The lesion site, meniscus, ligament, and other parameters were evaluated and compared. At the same time, a grading system was introduced to stratify and statistically analyze the size of the lesion area, the degree of bone marrow edema (BME), meniscus tears, and other parameters in the patients.

Most SIF were low-grade (LG) fractures, and the predictors of LG and high-grade (HG) fractures included heel tear (P =0.031), degree of medial malleolus degeneration (P < 0.001), advanced age (P < 0.001), and lesion size (P < 0.001). The prognostic factors that showed significant differences between the two groups included age (P =0.027), gender (P =0.005), side (P =0.005), medial tibial plateau injury (P < 0.0001), femoral medullary bone marrow edema (P < 0.0001), medial tibial plateau bone marrow edema (P < 0.0001), meniscus body partial injury (P =0.016), heel tear (P =0.001), anterior cruciate ligament injury (P =0.002), and medial collateral ligament injury (P < 0.0001).

This current study proposed an MRI-based grading system for inferior condylar fractures of the femur, in which HG inferior condylar fractures are associated with severe medial malleolus degeneration, advanced age, lesion size (correlation), and meniscus heel tears.

The study was conducted on patients who received diagnostic X-rays in King Khalid Hospital (KKH), Majmaah.

The study included the seven most frequently performed investigations, which were carried out on over 1504 patients using digital radiography equipment.

The X-ray tube's output and exposure parameters were used to calculate the effective dose (ED) and patient entry surface air kerma (ESAK). Additionally, based on these results, conversion coefficients were determined. This study also examined the 75th percentile distributions of ESAK and KAP. The findings of this research were compared with the findings of other researchers throughout the country and the world. The study presents the uncertainty U values, as well as the mean ESAK, KAP, and ED values.

The results of the ESAK, KAP, and ED values were 0.12-5.74 mGy, 0.9-1.84 Gy cm², and 0.01-0.23 mSv, respectively. As a result, the dosages were much lower than those previously published for the European DRL, national standards, and other studies.

The study concludes that during dose surveys, the importance of detecting and comprehending radiation doses, as well as the proper technique for taking the finest photos possible, can be emphasized to patients in order to assist them in avoiding radioactive particles and radiation exposure.

Strain echocardiography (SE) is a procedure for analyzing myocardial dysfunction that is known to be less dependent on preload and afterload of heart function. Unlike dimension-based parameters, like ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), SE measures cardiac function by tracking cardiac tissue deformation and anomalies throughout the cardiac cycle. Although SE is proven to locate myocardial ailments in various heart diseases, few studies exist regarding using SE relevant to sepsis pathophysiology.

The study aimed to calculate the myocardial strain and strain rates, like longitudianl strain (LS), global radial strain (GRS), and global longitudinal strain (GLS), and to show these to be reduced earlier in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in coordination with an elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Wild-type mice C57BL/6J (WT) were taken in this study and classified as CLP, LPS, and control groups. CLP surgery and LPS injection were given to induce sepsis. Endotoxemic septic shock was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of LPS Escherichia coli.

Echocardiography short axis views (SAX), longitudinal strain (LS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) were measured from the anterior and posterior positions of the septal and lateral walls of the heart. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate post-CLP and LPS to analyze cardiac pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions. Inter- and intra-observer variables were tested by Bland-Altman analyses (BA). All data analysis was performed by GraphPad Prism 6 software. p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

After 48 hours following CLP and LPS-induced sepsis, a significant declination in both longitudinal strain and strain rate (LS and LSR) was identified in the CLP and LPS groups compared to the control group. Strain depression in sepsis was linked with the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RT-PCR analysis.

In the present study, we found myocardial strain and strain rate parameters, like LS, GRS, and GLS, to be reduced after CLP and LPS-induced sepsis in coordination with the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The combination of FFDM and DBT can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of breast cancer, but with the increase of breast radiation absorbed dose.

To compare and analyze the radiation dose and diagnostic performance of different mammography positions combinations of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for different density types of breasts.

This retrospective study involved 1,195 patients who underwent simultaneous breast DBT and FFDM. The mammography combinations were Group A, FFDM(CC+MLO); Group B, FDM(CC)+DBT(MLO); Group C, FFDM(MLO)+DBT(CC); Group D, DBT(CC+MLO); and Group E, FFDM(CC+MLO)+DBT(CC+MLO). An intergroup comparative analysis of radiation dose and diagnostic performance of different combinations of mammography positions for different breast density types was performed using the pathologic and 24-month follow-up results as the diagnostic basis.

Overall, 2,403 mammograms indicated 477 cases of non-dense breast tissues and 1,926 cases of dense breast tissues. Differences in the mean radiation dose for each non-dense and dense breast group were statistically significant. The areas under the diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the non-dense breast group were not statistically significant. In the dense breast group, the z-values were 1.623 (p = 0.105) and 1.724 (p = 0.085) for the area under the ROC curve in Group C compared with Groups D and E, respectively, and 0.724 (p = 0.469) when comparing Group D with Group E. The differences between the remaining groups were statistically significant.

Group A had the lowest radiation dose and no significant difference in diagnostic performance compared with the other non-dense breast groups. Group C had high diagnostic performance in the dense breast group considering the low radiation dose.

Inadvertent puncture of the adjacent structures during a central venous catheterization is a well-known complication which may be managed conservatively when the injury is self-limiting, but requires a further treatment when there’s a proof of an active bleeding and/or a growing hematoma.

We report a case of a 57-year-old bone-marrow-transplant patient with neck hematoma and bleeding followed by a non-sonographic-guided central venous line placement. CT showed a right sided hematoma in the neck region with a midline shift of the airway. The patient was under prophylactic LMWH. Emergent angiography demonstrated three different bleeding sites which were successfully embolized with coil and liquid embolic agents by endovascular means.

Interventional radiology offers a quick and safe approach in the management of potentially life-threatening bleeding complications.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection is not uncommon in daily life, primary infection with T. gondii acquired during gestation may lead to a series of fetal complications. Prenatal ultrasound and postpartum neonatal T. gondii encephalitis have been reported previously, but fetal MRI findings of T. gondii encephalitis are quite rare. It is important to identify the severity of cerebral damage and assess fetal prognosis.

The purpose of this report is to emphasize that MRI can provide more excellent anatomic information on abnormalities in cerebral parenchyma than ultrasound, which is helpful for the diagnosis of prenatal infectious encephalitis.

A 38-year-old woman presented to our hospital at a gestation age of 29 weeks due to an ultrasound that showed fetal ventriculomegaly. The fetus demonstrated ventriculomegaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and multiple cystic lesions close to the corticomedullary junction of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes on both sides. The woman chose to terminate the pregnancy, and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasma encephalitis.

This is a rare report of MRI manifestations of fetal congenital toxoplasma encephalitis. Detailed knowledge of MRI findings in fetal congenital toxoplasma encephalitis is helpful for prenatal consultation and pregnancy management.

The cerebellar tentorium, the second-largest dural reflection in the brain, separates supratentorial and infratentorial structures. This study aimed to determine the frequency of tentorial hypoplasia (TH) and gyral herniation and their relationship with clinical findings.

The standard brain MRIs were examined retrospectively. The presence of TH and laterality were investigated. If hypoplasia was accompanied by a gyrus extending inferior to the line where the tentorium should be located, this was recorded as tentorial hypoplasia-herniated gyrus (TH-HG), while the cases with hypoplasia alone were noted as isolated TH. It was also determined which gyrus or gyri were herniated. The clinical findings of the patients were obtained, and the correlation between HG was explored.

Standard brain MRIs of the 2051 patients were evaluated. Two hundred ten patients were excluded from the study due to different intracranial disorders, and 1841 patients, 739 (40.1%) males, and 1102 (59.9%) females, were included. Isolated TH or TH-HG was present in 56 patients, resulting in a prevalence of 3.04%. Of the patients with TH or TH-HG, 15 were men, and 41 were women. TH and TH-HG were significantly more common in women (p=0.038). TH-HG was unilateral in 22 (39.2%) patients and bilateral in 21 (37.5%). Left TH was found in 11 (19.6%) patients, left TH-HG in 29 (51.7%), right TH in eight (14.2%), and left TH-HG in 35 (62.5%).

Hypoplasia of the tentorium is a rare and unknown anomaly that can be easily diagnosed using MRI, and different gyral herniations may accompany TH.

This study aims to discuss the treatment of congenital recto-vestibular fistula and recto-perineal fistula, and the effect of the megarectum on defecation.

Congenital recto-vestibular fistula or recto-perineal fistula is the most common type of anorectal malformation, and surgical methods include posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, anterior sagittal anorectoplasty, and mid-sagittal anorectoplasty, which can be performed at stage one or stage two after the ostomy. In the later stages of a recto-vestibular fistula, constipation is a common complication. Rectal dilatation is frequently associated with constipation, and the effect of rectal dilatation on defecation should be discussed for patients with congenital recto-vestibular or recto-perineal fistula who had rectal dilatation prior to surgery. Rectal dilatation may be one of the causes of constipation for congenital recto-vestibular fistula and recto-perineal fistula.

The patients in this study were 67 children with congenital recto-vestibular fistula or recto-perineal fistula treated in our hospital from March 2013 to February 2017. All patients underwent an MRI of the spine and a barium enema. Six patients with myelodysplasia and sacral agenesis were excluded from this study. There were 18 patients with rectal dilatation (ages: 4-month-old to 1 year old, male: 3, female: 15). Seven of them had anterior sagittal anorectoplasty (group A), and 11 had anorectoplasty with dilated rectum resection (group B). Forty-three patients (ages: 3- to 10 months old, male: 6; female: 37) without a dilated rectum underwent anterior sagittal anorectoplasty (group C).

All patients were followed up for 1 year to 5 years. Among the 50 patients who had undergone an anoplasty, 5 out of 7 patients with rectal dilatation developed post-operative constipation, and 3 of them had normal defecation after the second resection of the dilated rectum. Only two out of 43 patients without rectal dilatation developed post-operative constipation. One out of 11 patients with rectal dilatation who underwent anoplasty and resection of the dilated rectum developed post-operative constipation.

Patients with congenital recto-vestibular fistula or recto-perineal fistula complicated by rectal dilatation are more susceptible to post-operative constipation. Resection of the dilated rectum at the same time can reduce the incidence rate of constipation. A barium enema should be performed pre-operatively for patients with congenital recto-vestibular fistula or recto-perineal fistula. If the dilated rectum is found, it can be resected at the same time.

Coronary cameral fistula is a rare cardiovascular anomaly, and usually needs advanced image modalities, such as computerized tomography and/or angiography, to confirm its existence. A few reports in the literature have addressed the role of medical ultrasound in the diagnosis of this disease, without a comprehensive summary of all the valuable echocardiographic features in its diagnosis.

Hereby, we presented an 80-year-old lady with exertional dyspnea and angina. We diagnosed coronary cameral fistula from the left anterior descending artery into the left ventricle by echocardiography with “intramyocardial vascular channel and the diastolic flow”, and “multiple diastolic flow jets into heart chamber from heart wall”. We confirmed the diagnosis with coronary angiography later. In the discussion, we make a comprehensive summary to conclude all the echocardiographic findings of this disease into 3 categories.

We believe the identification of those findings will prompt the early diagnosis of this rare anomaly.

Cardiac hemangiomas account for only 2.8% of primary cardiac tumors and are caused by the abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells and excess blood vessels. Typical radiological findings of cardiac hemangioma demonstrate intense contrast enhancement.

Here we report the case of a 69-year-old man who presented with a right atrial mass found incidentally with multimodal imaging findings, including echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This case presented with poor enhancement within right atrial mass on dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan and gadolinium-enhanced first-pass perfusion image of cardiac MRI. After surgical resection, the pathologic diagnosis of cardiac capillary hemangioma was made.

Cardiac hemangioma could be included in the differential diagnosis for cardiac neoplasms demonstrating poor enhancements on CT and MRI scans.

To explore the feasibility of applying computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging-guided mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion beyond the therapeutic time window.

The clinical data of acute cerebral infarction patients with large vessel occlusion who were beyond the therapeutic time window and admitted to Handan Central Hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and were examined by one-stop CTP imaging. The preoperative onset time of the disease was more than 6 h. Fourteen patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination at the same time. Fifty-four patients were retrospectively divided into two groups based on the treatment methods: the mechanical thrombectomy group had 21 patients and the conservative treatment group had 33 patients. NIHSS scoring and computed tomography scan were performed before treatment, 6 h, 24 h, 7 days, and 30 days after treatment.

The NIHSS scores of the patients with acute cerebral large vessel occlusion who underwent CTP imaging-guided mechanical thrombectomy at 6 h, 24 h, 7 days, and 30 days after treatment were compared with those of the conventional treatment group. The NIHSS score of the mechanical thrombectomy group was significantly better, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In terms of the prognosis rate and expansion rate of infarct core volume, the patients of the mechanical thrombectomy group had a better prognosis, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Artificial intelligence-assisted CTP diagnosis can facilitate the automatic evaluation of diseases and enable quick judgments that are independent of radiologists’ evaluation, but it may pose a problem in the determination of infarct core volume (either being too high or too low).

It is of great significance to apply CTP imaging in guiding the mechanical thrombectomy procedure in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion who are beyond the therapeutic time window.

There is currently no clinically accepted method for quantifying background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), though a sensitive method might allow individualized risk management based on the response to cancer-preventative hormonal therapy.

The objective of this pilot study is to demonstrate the utility of linear modeling of standardized dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCEMRI) signal for quantifying changes in BPE rates.

On a retrospective database search, 14 women with DCEMRI examinations pre- and post-treatment with tamoxifen were identified. DCEMRI signal was averaged over the parenchymal ROIs to obtain time-dependent signal curves S(t). The gradient echo signal equation was used to standardize scale S(t) to values of FA = 10° and TR = 5.5 ms, and obtain the standardized DCE-MRI signal Sp(t). Relative signal enhancement was calculated from Sp, and the reference tissue method for T1 calculation was used to standardize to gadodiamide as the contrast agent, obtaining . in the first 6 minutes post-contrast administration was fit to a linear model with the slope α denoting the standardized rate relative BPE.

Changes in α were not found to be significantly correlated with the average duration of tamoxifen treatment, age at the initiation of preventative treatment, or pre-treatment BIRADS breast density category. The average change in α showed a large effect size of -1.12, significantly higher than -0.86 observed without signal standardization (p < 0.01).

Linear modeling of BPE in standardized DCEMRI can provide quantitative measurements of BPE rates, improving sensitivity to changes due to tamoxifen treatment.

The concept of occult breast carcinoma (OBC) was first described in 1907 by Halsted, who described this type of breast cancer to arise from small, undetectable tumours in the breast that had already metastasized to the lymph nodes. Although the breast is the most likely site for the primary tumour, non-palpable breast cancer presenting as an axillary metastasis has been reported, but with a low frequency of less than 0.5% of all breast cancers. OBC represents a complex diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Considering its rarity, clinicopathological information is still limited.

A 44-year-old patient presented to the emergency room with an extensive axillary mass as the first manifestation. Conventional evaluation of the breast with mammography and ultrasound was unremarkable. However, a breast MRI confirmed the presence of conglomerate axillary nodes. A supplementary whole-body PET-CT established the axillary conglomerate with a malignant behaviour with SUVmax of 19.3. The primary tumour was not detected in the breast tissue of the patient, confirming the diagnosis of OBC. Immunohistochemical results showed positive receptors for estrogen and progesterone.

Although OBC is a rare diagnosis, its existence is a possibility in a patient with breast cancer. Mammography and breast ultrasound with unremarkable findings but with high clinical suspicion should be supplemented with additional imaging methods, such as MRI and PET-CT, emphasizing the appropriate pre-treatment evaluation.

Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) is a rare, rapidly progressive, primary intestinal T-cell lymphoma. The most common site of occurrence is on the small intestine. The prognosis of MEITL is extremely poor due to delayed diagnosis and lack of targeted therapy.

A case of MEITL involving the entire small bowel, part of the colon, rectum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver is herein reported. We are presenting the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT features of MEITL, which showed all involved lesions with increased FDG activity. The MRI and pathological characteristics of MEITL were also described. Furthermore, some malignant diseases and benign diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Based on the lesions with a high accumulation of FDG, our case shows the involved extent of MEITL, which is helpful for biopsy and treatment option decisions. We expect more could know about this disease and make an early diagnosis to improve the outcomes of MEITL.

This study aimed to automatically implement liver disease quantification (DQ) in lymphoma using CT images without lesion segmentation.

Computed Tomography (CT) imaging manifestations of liver lymphoma include diffuse infiltration, blurred boundaries, vascular drift signs, and multiple lesions, making liver lymphoma segmentation extremely challenging.

The method includes two steps: liver recognition and liver disease quantification. We use the transfer learning technique to recognize the diseased livers automatically and delineate the livers manually using the CAVASS software. When the liver is recognized, liver disease quantification is performed using the disease map model. We test our method in 10 patients with liver lymphoma. A random grouping cross-validation strategy is used to evaluate the quantification accuracy of the manual and automatic methods, with reference to the ground truth.

We split the 10 subjects into two groups based on lesion size. The average accuracy for the total lesion burden (TLB) quantification is 91.76% ± 0.093 for the group with large lesions and 95.57% ± 0.032 for the group with small lesions using the manual organ (MO) method. An accuracy of 85.44% ± 0.146 for the group with larger lesions and 81.94% ± 0.206 for the small lesion group is obtained using the automatic organ (AO) method, with reference to the ground truth.

Our DQ-MO and DQ-AO methods show good performance for varied lymphoma morphologies, from homogeneous to heterogeneous, and from single to multiple lesions in one subject. Our method can also be extended to CT images of other organs in the abdomen for disease quantification, such as Kidney, Spleen and Gallbladder.

At present, early detection of the potential risk of atherosclerosis and prevention is of great significance to reduce the occurrence of stroke.

This study aims to explore the value of combining the wall shear stress measured by ultrasound vector flow imaging technique and sound touch elastography of common carotid artery in normal adults using the Mindray Resona 7 ultrasound system.

Forty volunteers (mean age 39.5 y, 23 females, 17 males) were divided into four groups according to their age. All volunteers underwent ultrasound carotid artery examination, and the values of wall shear stress and elasticity on the posterior wall of the common carotid artery were measured using advanced imaging functions, vector flow imaging technique, and sound touch elastography.

Different cut-off values of wall shear stress were used to investigate the significance between two groups with corresponding sound touch elastography values. It can be seen that the statistical difference could be found when the mean wall shear stress was larger than 1.5 Pa approximately (statistical significance was defined when P < 0.05), and the sound touch elastography value was positively correlated with the wall shear stress value.

This study reveals that the combination of wall shear stress and sound touch elastography is an effective and feasible method for assessing carotid artery health. When the mean wall shear stress value is over 1.5 Pa, the corresponding sound touch elastography value increases significantly. The risk of atherosclerosis increases with the stiffness of blood vessel walls.

Neuroimaging has helped us learn about the stages of brain development from infancy to maturity. Neuroimaging helps physicians diagnose mental illnesses and find novel treatments for them. It can distinguish depression from neurodegenerative diseases or brain tumors, and it can reveal structural defects that cause psychosis. Psychosis has been linked to lesions in the frontal or temporal lobes of the brain, as well as the thalamus and hypothalamus, which can be detected using a brain scan for mental illnesses. Neuroimaging uses quantitative and computational methods to explore the central nervous system. It can detect brain injuries and psychological illnesses. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using neuroimaging to detect psychiatric disorders assessed their efficacy and benefits.

Appropriate articles were searched from PubMed, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL databases using the appropriate keywords as per the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials and open-label studies were included as per the predefined PICOS criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan software, and statistical parameters like odds ratio and risk difference were calculated.

Twelve randomized controlled clinical trials with a total of 655 psychiatric patients were included following the criteria from the year 2000 to 2022. We included studies that use different neuroimaging techniques for the detection of organic brain lesions that would help diagnose psychiatric disorders. The primary outcome was detecting brain abnormalities in diverse psychiatric illnesses with neuroimaging versus conventional methods. We found the odds ratio value of 2.29 (95% CI 1.49-3.51). The results were heterogeneous with a Tau² value of 0.38, chi² value of 35.48, df value of 11, I² value of 69%, the z value of 3.78, and p-value less than 0.05. The risk difference is 0.20 (95% CI 0.09 -0.31) with heterogeneity of Tau2 value of 0.03, chi2 value of 50, df value of 11, I² value of 78%, the z value of 3.49, and p-value less than 0.05.

The present meta-analysis strongly recommends the use of neuroimaging techniques for the detection of psychiatric disorders.

Extra-adrenal non-functional adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC)is an extremely rare tumor with only eight cases having been reported at different localizations.

A 60-year-old woman was presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solitary mass abutting the wall of the small bowel. She underwent resection of the mass, and the results of histopathology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with ACC.

We report the first occurrence of non-functional adrenocortical carcinoma in the wall of the small bowel in the literature. Magnetic resonance examination is sensitive enough to indicate the accurate location of the tumor and is of great help to clinical operation.

Schwannomas arise from nerve sheaths of cranial, peripheral, and spinal nerve or nerve roots. Most intracranial schwannomas arise from the cranial nerves, predominantly the vestibulocochlear nerve. In addition to cranial nerve schwannomas, intraparenchymal schwannomas of the brain and intramedullary schwannomas of the spinal cord are extremely rare.

In our case we describe the imaging findings of three diverse cases of schwannoma at different locations and unique presentations with acute neurological symptoms in the pediatric age group.

Schwannomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of intracranial or intraspinal intramedullary space-occupying lesions in pediatric patients.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a large number of deaths and has caused a significant increase in population morbidity. This viral infection has been associated with different neurological symptoms and complications that do not have a clear pathophysiological mechanism and exact implications for these patients.

A 40-year-old man with COVID-19 and co-infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC presented extensive pulmonary involvement and required comprehensive management in the intensive care unit (ICU). During his hospitalization, he developed neurological symptoms with evidence of involvement of the corpus callosum, which was attributed to the cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum (CLOCC). After several months of interdisciplinary management in the ICU, there was a progressive improvement in his general condition, with discharge from the hospital without significant sequelae, with follow-up images showing complete involvement of the corpus callosum due to what was considered an atypical cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum.

Imaging features of CLOCCs are known to be temporary, but in the setting of COVID-19, it has not yet been determined if this is true and further studies are needed. Nonetheless, the one-year follow-up of our patient makes us believe that this atypical involvement of the corpus callosum described in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections is not transitory, even if there are no neurologic sequelae.

COVID-19 has become a worldwide epidemic disease and a new challenge for all mankind. The potential advantages of chest X-ray images on COVID-19 were discovered. We proposed a lightweight and effective Convolution Neural Network framework based on chest X-ray images for the diagnosis of COVID-19, named AMResNet.

COVID-19 has become a worldwide epidemic disease and a new challenge for all mankind. The potential advantages of chest X-ray images on COVID-19 were discovered.

A lightweight and effective Convolution Neural Network framework based on chest X-ray images for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

By introducing the channel attention mechanism and image spatial information attention mechanism, a better level can be achieved without increasing the number of model parameters.

In the collected data sets, we achieved an average accuracy rate of more than 92%, and the sensitivity and specificity of specific disease categories were also above 90%.

The convolution neural network framework can be used as a novel method for artificial intelligence to diagnose COVID-19 or other diseases based on medical images.

Whether deep learning-based CT reconstruction could improve lesion conspicuity on abdominal CT when the radiation dose is reduced is controversial.

To determine whether DLIR can provide better image quality and reduce radiation dose in contrast-enhanced abdominal CT compared with the second generation of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR-V).

This study aims to determine whether deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) can improve image quality.

In this retrospective study, a total of 102 patients were included, who underwent abdominal CT using a DLIR-equipped 256-row scanner and routine CT of the same protocol on the same vendor's 64-row scanner within four months. The CT data from the 256-row scanner were reconstructed into ASiR-V with three blending levels (AV30, AV60, and AV100), and DLIR images with three strength levels (DLIR-L, DLIR-M, and DLIR-H). The routine CT data were reconstructed into AV30, AV60, and AV100. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the liver, overall image quality, subjective noise, lesion conspicuity, and plasticity in the portal venous phase (PVP) of ASiR-V from both scanners and DLIR were compared.

The mean effective radiation dose of PVP of the 256-row scanner was significantly lower than that of the routine CT (6.3±2.0 mSv vs. 2.4±0.6 mSv; p< 0.001). The mean CNR, image quality, subjective noise, and lesion conspicuity of ASiR-V images of the 256-row scanner were significantly lower than those of ASiR-V images at the same blending factor of routine CT, but significantly improved with DLIR algorithms. DLIR-H showed higher CNR, better image quality, and subjective noise than AV30 from routine CT, whereas plasticity was significantly better for AV30.

DLIR can be used for improving image quality and reducing radiation dose in abdominal CT, compared with ASIR-V.

The dimensions of the liver, spleen, and kidneys either change in primary diseases related to these organs or in secondary diseases that indirectly affect them, such as diseases of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the normal dimensions of the liver, kidneys, and spleen and their correlations with body mass index in healthy Turkish adults.

A total of 1,918 adults older than 18 years of age underwent ultrasonographic (USG) examinations. Participants’ age, sex, height, weight, BMI, liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions, biochemistry and haemogram results were recorded. The relationships between organ measurements and these parameters were examined.

A total of 1,918 patients participated in the study. Of these, 987 (51.5%) were female and 931 (48.5%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 40.74± 15.95 years. The liver length (LL) for men was found to be greater than that for women. The effect of the sex factor on the LL value was statistically significant (p = 0.000). The difference between men and women in terms of liver depth (LD) was statistically significant (p=0.004). The difference between BMI groups in terms of splenic length (SL) was not statistically significant (p=0.583). The difference between BMI groups in terms of splenic thickness (ST) was statistically significant (p=0.016).

We obtained the mean normal standard values of the liver, spleen, and kidneys in a healthy Turkish adult population. Consequently, values exceeding those in our findings will guide clinicians in the diagnosis of organomegaly and will contribute to filling the gap in this regard.

The artifacts produced by calcification on coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) have a great influence on the diagnosis of coronary stenosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of corrected coronary opacification (CCO) difference in the diagnosis of stenosis in diffusely calcified coronary arteries (DCCAs).

A total of 84 patients were enrolled. The CCO difference across the diffuse calcification was measured through CCTA. Coronary arteries were grouped according to the extent of stenosis obtained by invasive coronary angiography (ICA). The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the CCO differences between different groups and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the CCO difference.

Among the 84 patients, 58 patients had one DCCA, 14 patients had 2 DCCAs, and 12 patients had 3 DCCAs. A total of 122 coronary arteries were examined, 16 showed no significant stenosis, 42 had <70% stenosis, and 64 had 70-99% stenosis. The median CCO differences among the 3 groups were 0.064, 0.117, and 0.176, respectively. There were significant differences between the group without stenosis and the group with 70-99% stenosis (H = -3.581, P = 0.001), and between the group with <70% stenosis and the group with 70-99% stenosis (H = -2.430, P = 0.045). The area under the ROC curve was 0.681 and the optimal cut-off point was 0.292. Taking the ICA results as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of ≥70% coronary stenosis with a cut-off point of 0.292 were 84.4% and 44.8%, respectively.

CCO difference could be useful in the diagnosis of ≥70% severe coronary stenosis in DCCA. Through this non-invasive examination, the CCO difference could be a reference for clinical treatment.

Although the essential components of pain pathways have been identified, a thorough comprehension of the interactions necessary for creating focused treatments is still lacking. Such include more standardised methods for measuring pain in clinical and preclinical studies and more representative study populations.

This review describes the essential neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of pain nociception and its relation with currently available neuroimaging methods focused on health professionals responsible for treating pain.

Conduct a PubMed search of pain pathways using pain-related search terms, selecting the most relevant and updated information.

Current reviews of pain highlight the importance of their study in different areas from the cellular level, pain types, neuronal plasticity, ascending, descending, and integration pathways to their clinical evaluation and neuroimaging. Advanced neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, PET, and MEG are used to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying pain processing and identify potential targets for pain therapy.

The study of pain pathways and neuroimaging methods allows physicians to evaluate and facilitate decision-making related to the pathologies that cause chronic pain. Some identifiable issues include a better understanding of the relationship between pain and mental health, developing more effective interventions for chronic pain's psychological and emotional aspects, and better integrating data from different neuroimaging modalities for the clinical efficacy of new pain therapies.

Larger sample volume can be obtained in one needle pass using an aspiration-type semi-automatic cutting biopsy needle (STARCUT^® aspiration-type needle; TSK Laboratory, Tochigi, Japan) in comparison to the conventional semi-automatic cutting biopsy needle.

To evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of aspiration-type semi-automatic cutting biopsy needles and non-aspiration-type biopsy needles when performing computed tomography (CT)-guided core needle biopsies (CNBs).

A total of 106 patients underwent CT-guided CNB for chest lesions between June 2013 and March 2020 at our hospital. Non-aspiration-type cutting biopsy needles were used in 47 of these patients, while aspiration-type needles were used in the remaining 59 patients. All needles used were 18- or 20-gauge biopsy needles. Parameters, like forced expiratory volume in 1-second percent (FEV1.0%), the maximum size of the target lesion, puncture pathway distance in the lung, number of needle passes, procedure time, diagnostic accuracy, and incidence of complications, were measured. Comparisons were made between the needle-type groups.

No significant difference was observed in terms of diagnostic accuracy. However, the procedure time was shorter and a lesser number of needle passes were required with the aspiration-type cutting biopsy needle compared to the non-aspiration-type needle. Pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage were the complications encountered, however, their incidence was not significantly different between the two types of needles.

The aspiration-type semi-automatic cutting biopsy needle had similar diagnostic accuracy as the non-aspiration-type biopsy needle, with added advantages of a lesser number of needle passes and shorter procedure time.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term risk to one’s health that can result in kidney failure. CKD is one of today's most serious diseases, and early detection can aid in proper treatment. Machine learning techniques have proven to be reliable in the early medical diagnosis.

The paper aims to perform CKD prediction using machine learning classification approaches. The dataset used for the present study for detecting CKD was obtained from the machine learning repository at the University of California, Irvine (UCI).

In this study, twelve machine learning-based classification algorithms with full features were used. Since the CKD dataset had a class imbalance issue, the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling technique (SMOTE) was used to alleviate the problem of class imbalance and review the performance based on machine learning classification models using the K fold cross-validation technique. The proposed work compares the results of twelve classifiers with and without the SMOTE technique, and then the top three classifiers with the highest accuracy, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Adaptive Boosting classification algorithms were selected to use the ensemble technique to improve performance.

The accuracy achieved using a stacking classifier as an ensemble technique with cross-validation is 99.5%.

The study provides an ensemble learning approach in which the top three best-performing classifiers in terms of cross-validation results are stacked in an ensemble model after balancing the dataset using SMOTE. This proposed technique could be applied to other diseases in the future, making disease detection less intrusive and cost-effective.

Brain tumour detection and classification require trained radiologists for efficient diagnosis. The proposed work aims to build a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) tool to automate brain tumour detection using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques.

Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) collected from the publicly available Kaggle dataset is used for brain tumour detection and classification. Deep features extracted from the global pooling layer of Pretrained Resnet18 network are classified using 3 different ML Classifiers, such as Support vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and Decision Tree (DT). The above classifiers are further hyperparameter optimised using Bayesian Algorithm (BA) to enhance the performance. Fusion of features extracted from shallow and deep layers of the pretrained Resnet18 network followed by BA-optimised ML classifiers is further used to enhance the detection and classification performance. The confusion matrix derived from the classifier model is used to evaluate the system's performance. Evaluation metrics, such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, Balance Classification Rate (BCR), Mathews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) and Kappa Coefficient (Kp), are calculated.

Maximum accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, BCR, MCC, and Kp of 99.11%, 98.99%, 99.22%, 99.09%, 99.09%, 99.10%, 98.21%, 98.21%, respectively, were obtained for detection using fusion of shallow and deep features of Resnet18 pretrained network classified by BA optimized SVM classifier. Feature fusion performs better for classification task with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, BCR, MCC and Kp of 97.31%, 97.30%, 98.65%, 97.37%, 97.34%, 97.97%, 95.99%, 93.95%, respectively.

The proposed brain tumour detection and classification framework using deep feature extraction from Resnet 18 pretrained network in conjunction with feature fusion and optimised ML classifiers can improve the system performance. Henceforth, the proposed work can be used as an assistive tool to aid the radiologist in automated brain tumour analysis and treatment.

In recent years, various deep learning algorithms have exhibited remarkable performance in various data-rich applications, like health care, medical imaging, as well as in computer vision. COVID-19, which is a rapidly spreading virus, has affected people of all ages both socially and economically. Early detection of this virus is therefore important in order to prevent its further spread.

COVID-19 crisis has also galvanized researchers to adopt various machine learning as well as deep learning techniques in order to combat the pandemic. Lung images can be used in the diagnosis of COVID-19.

In this paper, we have analysed the COVID-19 chest CT image classification efficiency using multilayer perceptron with different imaging filters, like edge histogram filter, colour histogram equalization filter, color-layout filter, and Garbo filter in the WEKA environment.

The performance of CT image classification has also been compared comprehensively with the deep learning classifier Dl4jMlp. It was observed that the multilayer perceptron with edge histogram filter outperformed other classifiers compared in this paper with 89.6% of correctly classified instances.

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has been popular for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there are few reports comparing the transradial approach (TRA) and transfemoral approach (TFA) in HAIC.

This study aimed to compare the duration of the hepatic artery catheterization, fluoroscopy time (FT), radiation exposure, safety, and quality of life associated with the procedure in patients undergoing HAIC via TRA and TFA.

This prospective, single-center, randomized, controlled study included 120 patients with unresectable HCC undergoing HAIC procedures. Patients were randomly assigned to group A (n = 60, TRA-HAIC) or group B (n = 60, TFA-HAIC). The hepatic artery catheterization time, FT, entrance surface dose (ESD), dose area product (DAP), procedure-related complications, and quality of life associated with the procedure were assessed between the two groups. Independent-sample t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess differences. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

HAIC procedures were successfully performed in both groups. The hepatic artery catheterization time (19.35 ± 5.84 vs. 18.93 ± 5.62 minutes, P = 0.837), FT (2.35 ± 2.23 vs. 2.25 ± 2.16 minutes, P = 0.901), ESD (259.32 ± 167.46 vs. 250.56 ± 170.58 mGy, P = 0.449), and DAP (125.37 ± 60.65 vs. 120.56 ± 64.33 Gy.cm³, P = 0.566) were comparable between the two groups. The incidence of artery occlusion (10.0% vs. 0%, P < 0.001) in the TRA group was significantly higher than that in the TFA group. TRA was associated with a statistically significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the quality of life.

TRA to HAIC was associated with greater improvement in the quality of life associated with the procedure compared with TFA. Both approaches to HAIC had similar efficiency, safety, radiation exposure, and procedure duration.

COVID-19 is a global pandemic. Currently, the predominant strain is SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2 in many countries. Understanding its infection characteristics can facilitate clinical management.

This study aimed to characterize the clinical, laboratory, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients with mild or moderate infection from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.

We performed a retrospective study on patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2 between April 4^th and April 17^th, 2022. The clinical characteristics, laboratory features, and HRCT images were reviewed.

A total of 805 patients were included (411 males and 394 females, median age 33 years old). The infection was mild, moderate, severe, and asymptomatic in 490 (60.9%), 37 (4.6%), 0 (0.0%), and 278 (34.5%) patients, respectively. Notably, 186 (23.1%), 96 (11.9%), 265 (32.9%), 11 (3.4%), 7 (0.9%), and 398 (49.4%) patients had fever, cough, throat discomfort, stuffy or runny nose, fatigue, and no complaint, respectively. Furthermore, 162 (20.1%), 332 (41.2%), and 289 (35.9%) patients had decreased white blood cell counts, reduced lymphocytes, and elevated C-reactive protein levels, respectively. HRCT revealed pneumonia in 53 (6.6%) patients. The majority of the lung involvements were ground-glass opacity (50, 94.3%) mostly in the subpleural area. The grade of lung injury was mainly mild (90.6%). Short-term follow-ups showed that most patients with pneumonia recovered.

Most patients with mild or moderate infection from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2 were adults, with fever and upper respiratory symptoms as the main clinical presentations. Lower respiratory infection was mild, with ground-glass opacity in the subpleural area as the main finding.

This study aimed to explore the imaging features and risk factors of PCLs complicating AIP, and investigate its prognosis through continuous imaging follow-up.

Patients who were diagnosed with AIP from January 2014 to December 2020 in our hospital were recruited. We analyzed the CT and MRI features of PCLs complicating AIP, and investigated its prognosis through imaging follow-up. We also compared subjects with and without PCLs using clinical, laboratory, and imaging data; the related risk factors associated with PCLs were investigated in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

In this group, 16 patients had PCLs and 86 did not. A total of 43 PCLs larger than 5mm were found in 15 patients. Among these PCLs, 35 showed homogeneous signal (density); one, bleeding; three, linear separation; and four, small focal low signal on T2WI. Eight patients with 23 PCLs appeared for the follow-up after steroid treatment. Short-term follow-up showed that 11 PCLs disappeared, nine reduced, one unchanged and two enlarged. Of the 12 PCLs that did not disappear, 10 PCLs disappeared at long-term follow-up, except for two reduced PCLs were not re-examined. Logistic regression analysis showed that drinking history was an independent risk factor, age ≥ 65 years was an independent protective factor for PCLs complicating AIP.

The imaging features of PCLs complicating AIP are various, which can be single or multiple, most of them are homogeneous, and some lesions may be accompanied by hemorrhage, separation and necrosis. Age ≥ 65 years and avoiding drinking may help to reduce the occurrence of these lesions.

Xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) is a rare inflammatory disease, which can easily misdiagnose as cancer in imaging diagnosis. Diagnosis of XGE relies on histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry.

In this study, a case of a 72-year-old female with XGE and elevated CA125 is presented, which was misdiagnosed as endometrial cancer in transvaginal ultrasonography and ovarian cystadenocarcinoma in CT. However, the features of XGE on the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) were different from that of endometrial cancer. The patient finally underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy.

The histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry suggested xanthogranulomatous endometritis (histiocytic endometritis). This case report manifests that CEUS may be a new noninvasive diagnostic method for XGE, which may reduce extensive tissue sampling and unnecessary hysterectomies for patients.

It has been reported in the literature that the complication rate of percutaneous compression plate (PCCP) is the lowest among the new internal fixators for the treatment of femoral neck fracture (FNS). However, no multicenter studies of PCCP for FNS have been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the med-term effectiveness of PCCP in a multicenter mainly through radiology.

265 patients with FNF treated with PCCP fixation in our five hospitals between January 2011 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. 140 men and 125 women; aged 19–79 (mean 51.6) years. The follow-up time was 2-5 years (mean 3.1). Radiological evaluation of the therapeutic effect was the main outcome, and the function was the secondary outcome.

One case of screw cutting out, 3 cases of screw back out, 25 cases of neck shortening, 2 cases of nonunion, 8 cases of delayed healing, and 29 cases of avascular necrosis (AVN). Bivariate correlation showed that shortening healing was correlated with age, Singh index, and Garden alignment index, poor healing was correlated with garden alignment index, and AVN was correlated with Pauwels and Garden classifications and operation timing. Further pairwise comparison analysis showed that age of > 65 and Singh index IV were dangerous factors for neck shortening, and the operation timing > 3 days, Pauwels II and III, and Garden III and IV were dangerous factors for AVN. The excellent and good rate of function in 198 patients who were readmitted for internal fixator removal or other surgery was 90.9%.

PCCP for FNS has satisfactory med-term efficacy with a low complication rate. The main complication is AVN, which is prone to occur in patients with displaced Pauwels II or III FNF and operation timing > 3 days. Another main complication is shortening healing, which is prone to occur in patients with an age of > 65 and Singh index IV.

Mediastinal and hilar lesions may be benign or malignant. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is increasingly used for the diagnosis of these lesions as it is both minimally invasive and safe.

To investigate the clinical efficacy of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lesions.

A retrospective observational study was undertaken to investigate patients diagnosed with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy based on imaging at our hospital from 2020 to 2021. After evaluation, EBUS TBNA was used and data including the puncture site, postoperative pathology, and complications were recorded.

Data from 137 patients were included in the study, of which 135 underwent successful EBUS TBNA. A total of 149 lymph node punctures were performed, of which 90 punctures identified malignant lesions. The most common malignancies were small-cell lung carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Forty-one benign lesions were identified, resulting from sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and reactive lymphadenitis, amongst others. Follow-up findings showed that 4 cases were malignant tumors, with 1 case of pulmonary tuberculosis and 1 case of sarcoidosis). Four specimens where lymph node puncture was insufficient were subsequently confirmed by other means. The sensitivity of EBUS TBNA for malignant lesions, tuberculosis and sarcoidosis in mediastinal and hilar lesions was 94.7%, 71.4%, and 93.3%, respectively. Similarly, the negative predictive values (NPV) were 88.9%, 98.5%, and 99.2%, and the accuracy was 96.3%, 98.5%, and 99.3%.

EBUS TBNA is an effective and feasible approach for the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lesions that is minimally invasive and safe.