Current Medical Imaging - Volume 14, Issue 4, 2018

Objectives: No study that compares the connectivity of the Anterior Nucleus (AN) and Mediodorsal Nucleus (MDN) has been reported yet. In the present study, we attempted to investigate differences in connectivity between the AN and MDN in the human brain, using probabilistic Diffusion Tensor Tractography (DTT). Methods: Forty-one healthy subjects were recruited for this present study. For connectivity of the AN and MDN, a seed region of interest was placed on the AN and MDN according to the known anatomical location using probabilistic DTT. Connectivity was defined as the incidence of connection between the AN/MDN and each brain region. Results: The AN showed high connectivity to the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC, 92.7%), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC,91.5%), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC,67.1%). The MDN showed high connectivity to the lPFC (86.6%), vmPFC (84.1%), primary motor cortex (M1, 73.2%), premotor cortex (PMC,72.0%), and OFC (53.7%). In comparison to the difference of connectivity, no difference in the lPFC, vmPFC, and OFC was observed between the AN and MDN. Conclusion: We found that both the AN and MDN showed high connectivity to the PFC. In addition, degree of connectivity from the AN and MDN to the PFC was similar.

Background: Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths among women globally. To reduce the breast cancer mortality, early detection, diagnosis and treatment is an important requirement. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CADx) techniques with screening mammography are widely used for this purpose. Both Medio Lateral Oblique (MLO) and Cranio Caudal (CC) view mammograms are used in CAD system to improve the performance. Objective: To propose a diagnosis method for accurate detection of breast cancer using fusion of mammographic texture features. Methods: In this study, fusion of Local Binary Patterns (LBP) or binary Gabor patterns (BGP) of MLO and CC view images using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is proposed to improve the diagnostic accuracy and to reduce the false positive rate. Two data bases, Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) and INbreast are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. Results: Compared to baseline system, the proposed the CCA based serial fusion improves the accuracy by 6.425% and 6.395% for DDSM and INbrest databases respectively. Conclusion: BGP is robust to rotations and gray-scale invariant and produces significant texture features to characterize tumors in a better manner. As CCA transforms the features in a way that the transformed features have maximum cross correlation and minimum auto correlation, the CCA based serial fusion improves the system performance. The proposed system could help the radiologists in early diagnosis and therefore reduce the mortality.

Most paragangliomas are located in adrenal glands but 22% arise from extra-adrenal position. Primary hepatic paragangliomas are rare tumors and their imaging features have not been documented in detail in radiology literatures. We describe a case of pathologically proven primary non-functioning hepatic paraganglioma, which revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass with internal cystic degeneration misdiagnosed as HCC or FLHCC on contrast-enhanced CT and MRI, restricted diffusion on DWI and ADC mapping and abundant vascularity on 3D-CTA.

Hyperechogenicity on breast ultrasonography is strongly associated with benignity. However, breast cancers may rarely appear as hyperechoic masses. These include lymphoma, angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, and metastatic cancers. Phyllodes tumors are fibroepithelial neoplasms that can be benign, borderline, or malignant. Malignant phyllodes tumors account for less than 1% of all breast malignancies, and heterologous differentiation in these tumors is occasional. This case report describes a 25-year-old woman who has malignant phyllodes tumors with heterologous sarcomatous elements that appear as hyperechoic masses sonographically and present a review of the relevant literature.