Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Dunaliella bardawil Using RSM and ANFIS Modeling and Assessment of the Anticancer Activity of Bioactive Compounds

Background: Algae gain is of much importance in food and pharmaceutical industries due to the presence of rich bioactive compounds. Methods: A Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) was engaged to enhance recovery of bioactive compounds from Dunaliella bardawil. The effective experimental condition was identified by optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) coupled with Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) along with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). In this connection, four independent parameters, namely, n-hexane concentration (X1:60-85%), microwave power (X2:15- 25%), radiation-induced temperature (X3:40-60°C) and radiation exposure time (X4:7.5-12.5min) were chosen. Results: The optimum conditions resulted in 72.34-75.86% of biomass (y1) and 46.27-47.17 mg of β- carotene equivalents/g to biomass (y2). In addition, the corresponding antioxidant activities showed 85.65-85.90% in DPPHsc (y3), 81.30-81.31% in ABTSsc (y4) and 59.65-62.45 μgmol (Fe (II))/g in FRAP (y5). Further, the bioactive compounds, β-carotene, and lutein were identified through HPLC and the biomass exhibited significant anticancer activity against oral epithelial cancer cells. Conclusion: The observed results clearly highlight that the study has great scope and value for the continuation of further exploitation and application.