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image of Influence of Orange Oil on Skin Permeability, Dermatokinetics, and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Properties of Lornoxicam-loaded Niosomal Gel

Abstract

Introduction

Lornoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug belonging to the oxicam class. This study aimed to develop a niosomal gel containing orange oil for improving the anti-inflammatory effect of lornoxicam.

Methods

Lornoxicam-loaded niosomes (LOR-OR-NIO) were prepared using film hydration followed by the sonication method. Particle size, entrapment efficiency, and ex vivo permeation were all considered during the optimization of the niosomal gels by employing the Box-Behnken design. Dermatokinetics and anti-inflammatory studies were performed using male Wistar rats.

Results

The particle size, entrapment efficiency, and skin permeation ability of the optimized LOR-OR-NIO formulation were found to be 354.3 nm, 83.56%, and 105.63 µg/cm2, respectively. The ex vivo studies indicated that the optimized LOR-OR-NIO gel demonstrated superior drug penetration properties (105.43 µg/cm2) compared to both the LOR-NIO gel (69.23 µg/cm2) and the LOR gel (35.34 µg/cm2). The activation energy values of LOR gel, LOR-NIO gel, and LOR-OR-NIO gel were 2.74 Kcal mol-1, 1.93 Kcal mol-1, and 0.94 Kcal mol-1, respectively.

Discussion

The lower activation energy of the LOR-OR-NIO gel contributed to more skin penetration of the drug. Dermatokinetics investigation demonstrated that the LOR-OR-NIO gel had superior penetration in the epidermal and dermal areas compared to the LOR gel. anti-inflammatory studies indicated that the LOR-OR-NIO gel exhibited greater edema inhibition compared to both the LOR-NIO gel and LOR gel. These results demonstrated the enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of the LOR-OR-NIO gel.

Conclusion

The study concluded that orange oil enhanced skin permeability and influenced the dermatokinetics of the LOR-OR-NIO gel, leading to an improvement in anti-inflammatory properties.

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2025-08-07
2025-11-05

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Influence of Orange Oil on Skin Permeability, Dermatokinetics, and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Properties of Lornoxicam-loaded Niosomal Gel
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892002368281250630073115
/content/journals/cdm/10.2174/0113892002368281250630073115
/content/journals/cdm/10.2174/0113892002368281250630073115
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: orange oil ; optimization ; Lornoxicam ; dermatokinetics ; niosomes ; in vivo studies

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