Development of Silver Nanoparticles Green-formulated by Matricaria Chamomilla as Novel Chemotherapeutic Nanoformulation for the Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Aim: To develop modern chemotherapeutic nanoformulation from plant extract to treat oral squamous cell carcinoma. Background: The use of biodegradable polymers to deliver drugs via nanoparticles solves a number of issues. AgNPs nanoparticle composites could be a promising material with applications in biological and pharmaceutical sciences. The biomolecules in the extract give the AgNPs additional stability against oxidation and corrosion. As a result, we are interested in reporting the synthesis, characterization, and uses of unique AgNPs decorated with Matricaria chamomilla extract. Objective: We developed a natural chemotherapeutic nanoformulation containing M. chamomilla aqueous extract and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for treating oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize AgNPs. The antioxidant activities of AgNO3, M. chamomilla, and AgNPs were evaluated using the DPPH assay in the presence of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a positive control. The MTT assay was employed on the HSC-4, Ca9-22, and HSC-3 cell lines to assess the cytotoxicity and anti-oral squamous cell carcinoma effects. Results: Silver nanoparticles demonstrated reduced cell viability and anti-oral squamous cell carcinoma capabilities in HSC-4, Ca9-22, and HSC-3 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with minimal damage to the normal cell line. The HSC-3 cell line showed the strongest anti-oral squamous cell carcinoma characteristics of AgNPs when tested against the above cell lines. Conclusion: According to the findings, silver nanoparticles containing M. chamomilla aqueous extract may treat different forms of oral squamous cell carcinoma in people.