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Osteoarthritis, particularly temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA), poses significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies suggest that nanomaterials hold considerable promise in treating TMJ-OA, showing validated efficacy in animal models. However, further research is required to ensure their long-term safety within the TMJ-OA environment. Nanomaterials can facilitate drug delivery and encapsulate functional cells and extracellular vesicles, offering new avenues for exploration. This paper reviews the current research status of nanomaterials in TMJ-OA treatment, including drug delivery, anti-inflammatory, lubricating and buffering, antioxidant, tissue regeneration, scaffold, and stimuli-responsive nanomaterials. Additionally, the paper explores the development and future prospects of nanomaterials in TMJ-OA treatment, highlighting their unique contributions and aiming to provide new perspectives and solutions for unexplored areas.
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