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image of Semi-Empirical Analysis of Polyamide 11 Hybrid Composites: Unveiling the Journey from Simple Models to Complex Theories

Abstract

Introduction

Predicting the properties of hybrid composites is challenging
due to their mechanical and thermal heterogeneity, anisotropy, and complex 
microstructures. This has led to the development of various theoretical models, each 
tailored to assess specific microstructures and optimize material properties for targeted 
applications.

Methods

The present paper presents a semi-empirical analysis of hybrid Polyamide 11 (PA11) composites reinforced with wood and carbon fibers. To predict the tensile modulus of natural fiber composites, methods such as ROM, IROM, Halpin-Tsai, Halpin-Tsai for random fiber orientations, and shear lag model equations were employed and accordingly modified. Employing the “effective matrix” approach, the modified single fiber system equations were further employed for hybrid fiber systems. The HROM, Halpin-Tsai, Halpin-Tsai for random fiber orientations, Halpin-Tsai for hybrid composites, and shear lag model equations were applied and modified for hybrid composites.

Results and Discussion

The Halpin-Tsai equations for randomly distributed fibers demonstrated the highest level of agreement with the experimental findings. The best-fit values for λ 
(longitudinal direction) and λ (Transverse direction) for randomly distributed fibers in 
Halpin-Tsai models were 0.372 and 0.568. These values were in excellent agreement with
the original Halpin-Tsai equations for randomly dispersed fibers, which are reported as 0.375 and 0.625, respectively. Similarly, the experimental findings strongly correlate with the
Halpin-Tsai equations for hybrid composites documented in the literature. Furthermore, 
this study effectively derived and employed modified equations from several micromechanical models to accurately predict the tensile modulus for single and hybrid fiber-reinforced composites.

Conclusion

Hybrid composites of PA11 reinforced with natural and carbon fibers represent a promising approach for sustainable, high-performance materials. This study's experimental results closely align with several established micromechanical models, including the Halpin-Tsai model for both randomly distributed short fibers and hybrid composites. Additionally, existing models for single-fiber composites, such as ROM and shear lag theory, were effectively modified to match the study's experimental data. These modifications accounted for fiber misalignment, inadequate fiber-matrix interaction, fiber breakage, and natural fiber degradation. The modified models' predicted moduli were consistent with the experimental findings for both single-fiber and hybrid systems.

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2025-02-18
2025-10-28

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Semi-Empirical Analysis of Polyamide 11 Hybrid Composites: Unveiling the Journey from Simple Models to Complex Theories
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0124522716358289250214072751
/content/journals/caps/10.2174/0124522716358289250214072751
/content/journals/caps/10.2174/0124522716358289250214072751
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: tensile modulus ; micromechanical models ; Semi-empirical analysis ; natural fiber-reinforced composites ; biocomposites ; hybrid composites

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