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image of Efficient Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Toxic Alkaloids in Wudang Taoist ink

Abstract

Introduction

The alkaloids present in Wudang Taoist ink are both potent and toxic. Thus, it is essential to assess their concentrations. In this study, mesaconitine, aconitine, and strychnine were used as indicators of safety.

Methods

The extraction and quantification of these alkaloids were accomplished through ethanol heating reflux extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), utilizing , , and Processed as raw materials. Guided by single-factor experiments, we employed response surface methodology to optimize the extraction process. The primary objective of this optimization was to maximize the extraction efficiency of total aconitine (which includes mesaconitine and aconitine) and strychnine, while considering key factors such as ethanol concentration, material-to-liquid ratio, and extraction time. Using the optimized extraction protocol, we successfully extracted and quantified mesaconitine, aconitine, and strychnine content in Wudang Taoist ink.

Results

The optimal conditions included an ethanol concentration of 77.9%, a liquid-to-material ratio of 8.85:1 (mL/g), and an extraction time of 135 minutes. This approach demonstrated high accuracy and precision.

Discussion

Validation and Regulatory Compliance: The optimized protocol ensures reliable quantification of toxic alkaloids, complying with Chinese Pharmacopoeia safety thresholds. This methodology supports scalable toxin control in Radix Aconiti preparations.

Conclusion

The alkaloid content in the ink meets the requirements specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The established response surface methodology is both reliable and reproducible, making it applicable for controlling toxic components in Radix Aconiti as well as in Wudang Taoist ink.

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2025-06-18
2025-09-05

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Efficient Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Toxic Alkaloids in Wudang Taoist ink
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110367259250610033446
/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110367259250610033446
/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110367259250610033446
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: concentrations ; response surface methodology ; Solvent reflux extraction ; quality control ; wudang taoist ink ; toxic alkaloids ; process optimization ; diester-diterpenoid alkaloids

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