Plant Extracts and Phytochemicals, a Promising Strategy Against Oral Lichen Planus: A Review on Clinical Trials

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune disease that distress keratinized cells of the oral epithelium. Topical corticosteroids and other potential therapies like immunosuppressives, hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, mycophenolate, dapsone, retinoids, biologic agents are used for the management of OLP. However, their effectiveness, best dose, duration of treatment and safety remain mostly unidentified. Moreover, recurrence of disease and dose-related side effects are the other issues. Objective: The primary objective of the review is to explore the existing clinical trials for the efficacy of phytochemicals in treating OLP in comparison to corticosteroids. A comprehensive information about their mode of action is also discussed. Methods: We have discussed different clinical trials conducted on various phytochemicals and plant extracts/formulations like curcumin, lycopene, quercetin, glycyrrhizin, purslane, raspberry, aloe vera gel and aloe vera mouthwash for the treatment of OLP. Results: The current therapy for the management of OLP has numerous adverse effects and requires a long-term treatment. Phytochemicals can be a very good alternative in overcoming these side effects and reducing the course of treatment. Conclusion: Herbal extracts and their formulations can be an effective alternative to the current therapy due to their proven therapeutic effects, reduced side effects, long-term applicability, prevention of recurrence as well as progression into cancer.