In-vitro and In-vivo Experimental Models for MERS-CoV, SARSCoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infection: A Compendious Review

SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family of coronaviruses. This novel virus has predominantly affected a vast world population and was declared a pandemic outbreak. The clinical and scientific communities strive to develop and validate potential treatments and therapeutic measures. The comparative study of existing synthetic drugs, evaluation of safety aspects, and the devel opment of novel vaccines can be efficiently achieved by using suitable animal models of primary infection and validating translational findings in human cell lines and tissues. The current paper explores varied animal and cell/tissue models employed and recapitulate various critical issues of ailment manifestation in humans to develop and evaluate novel therapeutic countermeasures and even include some novel patent developed in this regard.