Skip to content
2000
Volume 23, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 1871-5230
  • E-ISSN: 1875-614X

Abstract

Introduction

This research aims to create a gel formulation of leaf extract and assess its anti-inflammatory properties using an study. The anti-inflammatory activity has been compared with Diclofenac molecules in PDB id: 4Z69. Further, the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity analysis has been performed to ensure the therapeutic potential and safety of the drug development process. The Quality by Design tool has been applied to optimize formulation development.

Methods

The extracted gel is characterized by performing Fourier transformer infrared, zeta potential, particle size, Scanning Electron Microscope, and entrapment efficiency. Further, the formulation is evaluated by examining its viscosity, spreadability, and pH measurement. An study of all nine extract suspensions was conducted to determine the drug contents at 276 nm.

Results

The optimized suspension has shown the maximum percentage of drug release (82%) in 10 hours of study. Animal study for anti-inflammatory activity was performed, and results of all five groups of animals compared the % inhibition of paw edema at three hours; gel (56.70%), standard (47.86%), and (39.72%) were found.

Conclusion

The research could conclude that the anti-inflammatory activity of gel formulation is high compared to extract, and a molecular docking study validates the anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. ADMET analysis ensures the therapeutic effects and their safety.

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/aiaamc/10.2174/0118715230309053240718122527
2024-09-01
2025-09-09

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/aiaamc/10.2174/0118715230309053240718122527
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. TianY. DengF. Phytochemistry and biological activity of mustard ( Brassica juncea ): A review.CYTA J. Food202018170471810.1080/19476337.2020.1833988
     [Google Scholar]
  2. LinL.Z. SunJ. ChenP. HarnlyJ. UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS/MS(n) analysis of anthocyanins, flavonol glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in red mustard greens (Brassica juncea Coss variety).J. Agric. Food Chem.20115922120591207210.1021/jf202556p21970730
     [Google Scholar]
  3. VermaS. TiwariB.K. JaiswalN. PandeyF.K. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Brassica juncea leaves against different strains of bacteria.Bio Science Research Bulletin2022381263410.5958/2320‑3161.2022.00003.7
     [Google Scholar]
  4. MuhammadA.P. PinkeyR. RameshC. ChaitraG. Evaluation of Antidiarrheal properties of ethanol extract of Brassica juncea in experimental animals.J. Drug Deliv. Ther.2021112-S192310.22270/jddt.v11i2‑S.4615
     [Google Scholar]
  5. FlouratA.L. WilligG. TeixeiraA.R.S. AllaisF. Eco-friendly extraction of sinapine from residues of mustard production.Front. Sustain. Food Syst.201931210.3389/fsufs.2019.00012
     [Google Scholar]
  6. KwonH.Y. ChoiS.I. ParkH.I. ChoiS.H. SimW.S. YeoJ.H. ChoJ.H. LeeO.H. Comparative analysis of the nutritional components and antioxidant activities of different Brassica juncea cultivars.Foods20209684010.3390/foods906084032604920
     [Google Scholar]
  7. DuaA. ChanderS. AgrawalS. MahajanR. Antioxidants from defatted Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) protect biomolecules against in vitro oxidation.Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants201420453954310.1007/s12298‑014‑0260‑425320478
     [Google Scholar]
  8. LakshmananD.K. MurugesanS. RajendranS. RavichandranG. ElangovanA. RajuK. PrathivirajR. PandiyanR. ThilagarS. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. leaves alleviate adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats via modulating the finest disease targets - IL2RA, IL18 and VEGFA.J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn.202240188155816810.1080/07391102.2021.190722633792526
     [Google Scholar]
  9. ParikhH. PanditaN. KhannaA. Phytoextract of Indian mustard seeds acts by suppressing the generation of ROS against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells.Pharm. Biol.201553797598410.3109/13880209.2014.95067525489640
     [Google Scholar]
  10. ChandrashekarS. VijayakumarR. ChelliahR. DaliriE.B.M. MadarI.H. SultanG. RubabM. ElahiF. YeonS.J. OhD.H. In vitro and in silico screening and characterization of antimicrobial napin bioactive protein in Brassica juncea and Moringa oleifera.Molecules2021267208010.3390/molecules2607208033916405
     [Google Scholar]
  11. YokozawaT. KimH.Y. ChoE.J. ChoiJ.S. ChungH.Y. Antioxidant effects of isorhamnetin 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside isolated from mustard leaf (Brassica juncea) in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.J. Agric. Food Chem.200250195490549510.1021/jf020213312207497
     [Google Scholar]
  12. ZouY. KimA.R. KimJ.E. ChoiJ.S. ChungH.Y. Peroxynitrite scavenging activity of sinapic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) isolated from Brassica juncea. J. Agric. Food Chem.200250215884589010.1021/jf020496z12358454
     [Google Scholar]
  13. JungH.A. WooJ.J. JungM.J. HwangG.S. ChoiJ.S. Kaempferol glycosides with antioxidant activity from Brassica juncea.Arch. Pharm. Res.200932101379138410.1007/s12272‑009‑2006‑319898800
     [Google Scholar]
  14. MayengbamS. AacharyA. Thiyam-HolländerU. Endogenous phenolics in hulls and cotyledons of mustard and canola: A comparative study on its sinapates and antioxidant capacity.Antioxidants20143354455810.3390/antiox303054426785070
     [Google Scholar]
  15. XianY.F. HuZ. IpS.P. ChenJ.N. SuZ.R. LaiX.P. LinZ.X. Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea in mouse models of inflammation.Phytomedicine20185019620410.1016/j.phymed.2018.05.01030466979
     [Google Scholar]
  16. HassanS.A. HagrassiA.M.E. HammamO. SolimanA.M. EzzeldinE. AzizW.M. Brassica juncea L. (Mustard) extract silver nanoparticles and knocking off oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine and reverse DNA genotoxicity.Biomolecules20201012165010.3390/biom1012165033317112
     [Google Scholar]
  17. KwakY. LeeJ. JuJ. Anti-cancer activities of Brassica juncea leaves in vitro.EXCLI J.20161569971028337101
     [Google Scholar]
  18. GasmiA. Gasmi BenahmedA. ShanaidaM. ChirumboloS. MenzelA. AnzarW. ArshadM. Cruz-MartinsN. LysiukR. BeleyN. OliinykP. ShanaidaV. DenysA. PeanaM. BjørklundG. Anticancer activity of broccoli, its organosulfur and polyphenolic compounds.Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.202311910.1080/10408398.2023.219549337129118
     [Google Scholar]
  19. SheuM.J. YehM.C. TsaiM.C. WangC.C. ChangY.L. WangC.J. HuangH.P. Glucosinolates extracts from Brassica juncea ameliorate hfd-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Nutrients20231516349710.3390/nu1516349737630688
     [Google Scholar]
  20. SharmaA. Phytochemical and elemental analysis of Brassica juncea L. leaves using GC-MS and SEM-EDX.Res. J. Pharm. Technol.201581216621664
     [Google Scholar]
  21. SharmaA. RaiP.K. PrasadS. GC–MS detection and determination of major volatile compounds in Brassica juncea L. leaves and seeds.Microchem. J.201813848849310.1016/j.microc.2018.01.015
     [Google Scholar]
  22. BassanP. BhushanS. KaurT. AroraR. AroraS. VigA.P. Extraction, profiling and bioactivity analysis of volatile glucosinolates present in oil extract of Brassica juncea var. raya. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants201824339940910.1007/s12298‑018‑0509‑429692548
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Oulad El MajdoubY. AlibrandoF. CacciolaF. ArenaK. PagnottaE. MatteoR. MicalizziG. DugoL. DugoP. MondelloL. Chemical characterization of three accessions of Brassica juncea L. extracts from different plant tissues.Molecules20202522542110.3390/molecules2522542133228167
     [Google Scholar]
  24. IbrahimR.M. M EltananyB. PontL. BenaventeF. ElBannaS.A. OtifyA.M. Unveiling the functional components and antivirulence activity of mustard leaves using an LC-MS/MS, molecular networking, and multivariate data analysis integrated approach.Food Res. Int.202316811274210.1016/j.foodres.2023.11274237120197
     [Google Scholar]
  25. JainP. TaleuzzamanM. KalaC. Kumar GuptaD. AliA. AslamM. Quality by design (Qbd) assisted development of phytosomal gel of aloe vera extract for topical delivery.J. Liposome Res.202131438138810.1080/08982104.2020.184927933183121
     [Google Scholar]
  26. TaleuzzamanM. SartajA. Kumar GuptaD. GilaniS.J. MirzaM.A. Phytosomal gel of Manjistha extract (MJE) formulated and optimized with central composite design of quality by design (QbD).J. Dispers. Sci. Technol.202344223624410.1080/01932691.2021.1942036
     [Google Scholar]
  27. MohapatraS. MirzaM.A. AhmadS. FarooqU. AnsariM.J. KohliK. IqbalZ. Quality by design assisted optimization and risk assessment of black cohosh loaded ethosomal gel for menopause: Investigating Different Formulation and Process variables.Pharmaceutics202315246510.3390/pharmaceutics1502046536839787
     [Google Scholar]
  28. DhawanS. NandaS. Implementation of quality by design (QbD) concept for the development of emulsion based nanotailored gel for improved antiphotoageing potential of Silymarin.J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol.20238110420110.1016/j.jddst.2023.104201
     [Google Scholar]
  29. TaleuzzamanM. JainP. VermaR. IqbalZ. MirzaM.A. Eugenol as a potential drug candidate: A review.Curr. Top. Med. Chem.202121201804181510.2174/156802662166621070114143334218781
     [Google Scholar]
  30. MoradiS.Z. MomtazS. BayramiZ. FarzaeiM.H. AbdollahiM. Nanoformulations of herbal extracts in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.2020823810.3389/fbioe.2020.0023832318551
     [Google Scholar]
  31. BonifácioB.V. SilvaP.B. RamosM.A. NegriK.M. BauabT.M. ChorilliM. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems and herbal medicines: A review.Int. J. Nanomedicine2014911524363556
     [Google Scholar]
  32. VermaS. SinghS. Current and future status of herbal medicines.Vet. World20082234735010.5455/vetworld.2008.347‑350
     [Google Scholar]
  33. AshenafiE. AbulaT. AbayS.M. ArayaselassieM. TayeS. MuluyeR.A. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of vernonia auriculifera hiern. (Asteraceae).J. Exp. Pharmacol.202315294010.2147/JEP.S39848736733956
     [Google Scholar]
  34. MotaA.H. PrazeresI. MestreH. Bento-SilvaA. RodriguesM.J. DuarteN. SerraA.T. BronzeM.R. RijoP. GasparM.M. VianaA.S. AscensãoL. PintoP. KumarP. AlmeidaA.J. ReisC.P. A newfangled collagenase inhibitor topical formulation based on ethosomes with sambucus nigra l. Extract.Pharmaceuticals202114546710.3390/ph1405046734063413
     [Google Scholar]
  35. AndleebM. Shoaib KhanH.M. DaniyalM. Development, characterization and stability evaluation of topical gel loaded with ethosomes containing Achillea millefolium L. extract.Front. Pharmacol.20211260322710.3389/fphar.2021.60322733912036
     [Google Scholar]
  36. AlamP. ShakeelF. FoudahA.I. AlshehriS. SalfiR. AlqarniM.H. AljarbaT.M. Central composite design (CCD) for the optimisation of ethosomal gel formulation of Punica granatum extract: In vitro and in vivo evaluations.Gels20228851110.3390/gels808051136005111
     [Google Scholar]
  37. KhogtaS. PatelJ. BarveK. LondheV. Herbal nano-formulations for topical delivery.J. Herb. Med.20202010030010.1016/j.hermed.2019.100300
     [Google Scholar]
  38. NaseriM. MojabF. KhodadoostM. KamalinejadM. DavatiA. ChoopaniR. HasheminejadA. BararpoorZ. ShariatpanahiS. EmtiazyM. The study of anti-inflammatory activity of oil-based dill (Anethum graveolens L.) extract used topically in formalin-induced inflammation male rat paw.Iran. J. Pharm. Res.20121141169117424250550
     [Google Scholar]
  39. MoniJ.N.R. AdnanM. TareqA.M. KabirM.I. RezaA.S.M.A. NasrinM.S. ChowdhuryK.H. SayemS.A.J. RahmanM.A. AlamA.H.M.K. AlamS.B. SakibM.A. OhK.K. ChoD.H. CapassoR. Therapeutic potentials of Syzygium fruticosum fruit (Seed) reflected into an array of pharmacological assays and prospective receptors-mediated pathways.Life202111215510.3390/life1102015533671381
     [Google Scholar]
  40. NémethZ. CsókaI. Semnani JazaniR. SiposB. HaspelH. KozmaG. KónyaZ. DobóD.G. Quality by design-driven zeta potential optimisation study of liposomes with charge imparting membrane additives.Pharmaceutics2022149179810.3390/pharmaceutics1409179836145546
     [Google Scholar]
  41. SinghU. JialalI. Anti‐inflammatory effects of α‐tocopherol.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.20041031119520310.1196/annals.1331.01915753145
     [Google Scholar]
  42. ReiterE. JiangQ. ChristenS. Anti-inflammatory properties of α- and γ-tocopherol.Mol. Aspects Med.2007285-666869110.1016/j.mam.2007.01.00317316780
     [Google Scholar]
  43. LoganathanY. JainM. ThiyagarajanS. ShanmuganathanS. MariappanS.K. KizhakedathilM.P.J. SaravanakumarT. An Insilico evaluation of phytocompounds from Albizia amara and Phyla nodiflora as cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme inhibitors.Daru202129231132010.1007/s40199‑021‑00408‑634415547
     [Google Scholar]
  44. KrishnamoorthyK. SubramaniamP. Phytochemical profiling of leaf, stem, and tuber parts of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) gandhi using GC-MS.Int. Sch. Res. Notices2014201411310.1155/2014/56740927379314
     [Google Scholar]
  45. OthmanA.R. AbdullahN. AhmadS. IsmailI.S. ZakariaM.P. Elucidation of in-vitro anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds isolated from Jatropha curcas L. plant root.BMC Complement. Altern. Med.20151511110.1186/s12906‑015‑0528‑425652309
     [Google Scholar]
  46. UmarM.I. AsmawiM.Z. SadikunA. Abdul MajidA.M.S. AtangwhoI.J. Khadeer AhamedM.B. AltafR. AhmadA. Multi-constituent synergism is responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extract.Pharm. Biol.201452111411142210.3109/13880209.2014.89501725026347
     [Google Scholar]
  47. AhmadM.M. AkhtarN. KhanS. RashidM. AtharM.T. UllahZ. TaleuzzamanM. Discovery of novel isonipecotic acid-based heteroaryl amino acid derivatives as potential anticonvulsant agents: Design, synthesis, in-silico ADME study, and molecular docking studies.J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci.202315420521110.4103/jpbs.jpbs_478_2338235051
     [Google Scholar]
  48. AtanasovA.G. ZotchevS.B. DirschV.M. SupuranC.T. International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce Natural products in drug discovery: Advances and opportunities.Nat. Rev. Drug Discov.202120320021610.1038/s41573‑020‑00114‑z33510482
     [Google Scholar]
  49. DzoboK. The role of natural products as sources of therapeutic agents for innovative drug discovery.Comprehensive Pharmacology202240810.1016/B978‑0‑12‑820472‑6.00041‑4
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/aiaamc/10.2174/0118715230309053240718122527
Loading
Using Quality by Design Tools to Study Gel Formulation from Brassica juncea Leaves and Conducting its In vitro, In vivo, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Analyses
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergy Agents) 23, 187 (2024); https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715230309053240718122527
/content/journals/aiaamc/10.2174/0118715230309053240718122527
/content/journals/aiaamc/10.2174/0118715230309053240718122527
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): ADMET analysis; Brassica juncea extracts gel; In silico; paw edema; quality by design; scanning electron microscope

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test