Mucosal Delivery Platforms: A Comprehensive Overview

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Drug administration using mucosal delivery platforms holds great promise because of several advantages, including quick response, bypassing first-pass metabolism, and increased patient adherence. However, the effective exploitation and shaping of these avenues depend on deep knowledge of immunology principles at the mucosa. The oral, nasal, pulmonary, vaginal, rectal, and ocular mucosae are equipped with intricate defense systems executed by innate as well as adaptive immunity. This chapter explores the intersection of mucosal delivery platforms and mucosal immunity. Beginning with an introduction to mucosal delivery and its importance in drug delivery, we delve into the challenges of mucosal barriers, clearance mechanisms, and immunogenicity. It is very important to comprehend how mucosal immunity works, which includes the function of epithelial cells, dendritic cells, T cells, and innate lymphoid cells in defending the body. Furthermore, we examine common mucosal delivery platforms such as lipid-based formulations, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microneedle patches, highlighting their applications in vaccine delivery, protein therapeutics, small molecule drugs, and gene therapy. Nanotechnology, targeted delivery systems, and immunomodulatory strategies are also being discussed. Regarding safety profiles and commercialization aspects, this chapter attempts to understand the current market scenario and prospects for mucosal delivery platforms. This overview aims to promote advances in drug delivery technologies and improve healthcare outcomes by connecting the gap between mucosal delivery and mucosal immunity.