Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Neuronal Pathophysiology

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The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand receptor molecule expressed in the cells of the nervous system (neurons and glial cells). Compared to embryonic cells, RAGE expression is significantly decreased within the adult tissues, including the nervous system. Various RAGE ligands such as amyloidbeta peptide (Aβ-peptide), high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), S100/calgranulin, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are expressed by the cells of the nervous system. Several studies have predicted the role of RAGE in neurogenesis. Interaction of RAGE with its various ligands has been demonstrated as the responsible factor for complicating multiple diseased conditions such as Neuronal Differentiation and Outgrowth, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Creutzfeldt-Jakob's Disease (CJD), Peripheral Neuropathies, Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (FAP), Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), and epilepsy. The interactions of RAGE with its ligands are critically dependent on the relative extents of inflammation and oxidative stress, controlling the various neurological disease manifestations. Redox sensitivity of such interactions is inferred by their treatment using targeted and sustainable antioxidant delivery at the affected regions. Besides targeting RAGE-ligand interactions via blocking RAGE expression may be useful against various neurological diseases.