Medicinal Flora and their Specialized Metabolites of Arid and Semi-Arid Areas of Mexico
- Authors: Ma. Edith López Villafranco1, Ma. Patricia Jáquez-Ríos2, Silvia Aguilar-Rodríguez3, Patricia Guevara-Fefer4, Felix Krengel5, Nallely Álvarez-Santos6, Adriana Montserrat Espinosa-González7, Edgar Antonio Estrella-Parra8, Israel Valencia Quiroz9, Ana María García-Bores10
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View Affiliations Hide Affiliations1 Herbarium IZTA, Superior Studies Faculty (FES)-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico State-54090, Mexico 2 Herbarium IZTA, Superior Studies Faculty (FES)-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico State-54090, Mexico 3 Laboratory of Botany, UMF, Superior Studies Faculty (FES)-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico State-54090, Mexico 4 Department of Ecology and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Coyoacan, Mexico City-04510, Mexico 5 Department of Ecology and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Coyoacan, Mexico City-04510, Mexico 6 Phytochemistry Laboratory, UBIPRO, Superior Studies Faculty (FES)-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico State-54090, Mexico 7 Phytochemistry Laboratory, UBIPRO, Superior Studies Faculty (FES)-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico State-54090, Mexico 8 Phytochemistry Laboratory, UBIPRO, Superior Studies Faculty (FES)-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico State-54090, Mexico 9 Phytochemistry Laboratory, UBIPRO, Superior Studies Faculty (FES)-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico State-54090, Mexico 10 Phytochemistry Laboratory, UBIPRO, Superior Studies Faculty (FES)-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico State-54090, Mexico
- Source: Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Mexico: A Comprehensive Exploration of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Conservation , pp 154-219
- Publication Date: June 2025
- Language: English
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This chapter compiles ethnobotanical records of medicinal flora in arid and semiarid zones of Mexico, covering 18 Mexican states. Phytochemical studies have been conducted on specialized metabolites of some species that, in some cases, attribute their medicinal properties. The flora compilation includes the scientific name, botanical family, popular name, and medicinal use. This review identified 691 records corresponding to 331 registered species, 219 genera, and 72 families. The five families with the highest numbers were Asteraceae (103), Fabaceae (40), Cactaceae (28), Euphorbiaceae (26), and Solanaceae (24). Popular nomenclature is recognized in 371 names in Spanish and/or indigenous languages. The plant most commonly mentioned is árnica (Grindelia inuloides), and some of its variants include árnica amarilla (Haplopappus spinulosus), árnica morada (Xanthisma gymnocephalum), and árnica silvestre (Adenophyllum aurantium). It is common for popular names to be related to the colors, chemical compounds, and/or biological forms of plants. The record of herbal resources associated with the illnesses grouped into systems shows that 122 species are used to treat digestive system conditions, whereas 61 species cure dermatological conditions. The states with the highest numbers of records were Aguascalientes, Puebla, and Sonora. Regarding specialized metabolites, studies have focused on phenolic compounds and terpenes in organic extracts. Mono- and sesquiterpenes are present in essential oils. Some species also have notable alkaloid contents. This chapter provides valuable information about the bioactive principles of plant-based medicinal resources in arid and semi-arid regions and demonstrates the therapeutic potential of Mexico's resources.
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