Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

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Metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by a cluster of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. These metabolic factors include abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, high triglyceride levels, and low HDL cholesterol levels. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep disorder in which the air passages constrict during sleep, leading to repeated breathing interruptions. The prevalence of OSAS has increased over the years, particularly among aging individuals. Although the underlying reasons for airway obstruction involve various factors, such as overweight, anatomical abnormalities, shifts in airway dynamics, pharyngeal neuropathy, and fluid redistribution, these causes remain incompletely understood. The primary characteristics of OSAS include repetitive interruptions in breathing, resulting in heightened susceptibility to a range of chronic ailments. These interruptions lead to intermittent episodes of low oxygen levels (hypoxia) and elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), often accompanied by sleep disruptions due to arousal. In this yet-to-be-published exploration, I navigate the intricate dynamics of human connection in the digital age, examining how technology both bridges and divides us. Through a blend of personal reflections and sociological analysis, I aim to shed light on the complexities of virtual relationships and their impact on our sense of belonging.