Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Guide to Prevention, Treatment, and WHO Recommendations

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On December 16, 2021, the outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in the Beni Health Zone, North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, was officially declared over. This marked the end of the outbreak, which began on October 8, 2021. So far 11 outbreaks have been recorded, of which two survived and nine died. This chapter discusses various factors such as epidemiological features, modes of transmission, clinical symptoms, infection, prevalence, surveillance strategies, prevention strategies, treatment options, and WHO recommendations summary of the epidemic. Most cases involve kids under the age of five, highlighting their vulnerability. Strong preventive measures, such as quarantine, contact management, safe burials and vaccination campaigns brought an end to the outbreak. The Ebola virus characteristics, exposure time, mortality and symptoms are discussed, and the severity and complications are emphasized with implications for public health. Virus physiology includes immune evasion mechanisms, regulation of cytokine/chemokine networks, and inhibition of type I independent responses. The frequency of Ebola is analysed, with outbreaks occurring most frequently in countries in Central and West Africa. Spread is affected by animal vectors, modes of transmission, and social influences. Vaccine use and advances in treatment, surveillance strategies, prevention programs and treatment are all discussed. WHO guidelines strongly emphasize comprehensive care for EVD victims, preparedness in health facilities, community involvement, and infection control measures. Preventing an Ebola outbreak effectively minimizing its impact on global health requires improved public health policy, international cooperation, and ongoing research.