The Roles of Nanomaterials in Disease Diagnosis

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Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field of science that has revolutionized different fields of science and technology, agriculture, and medicine. Current clinical diagnostic methods are less sensitive, are unable to detect multiple analytes, and have adverse effects on the human body. Hence, there is a need for a diagnostic method that can detect the early onset of disease, conduct complete health checks, and offer a reliable pretext for effective treatment. Currently, many nanomaterials are produced to prevent, diagnose, and treat various diseases. There are a few nanomaterials, such as nanowires, nanotubes, nanocrystals, cantilevers, dendrimers, quantum dots, and liposomes. These materials are quite suitable and effective for imaging technologies for the highly specific detection of DNA and proteins. Nanomaterials are used to diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases, including communicable and non-communicable diseases. The main objectives of the current chapter are to introduce various nanomaterials and their applications in the diagnostics of different diseases that affect human life.