Biomaterials for Bone Tumor: Present and Future Trends in Control and Treatment Strategy

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Tumors associated with the osseous system have been a major challenge in recent decades. There is a tremendous attempt to design and develop biomaterials that inherit the capabilities to regenerate osteocytes in bone defects induced by surgical resection and elimination of the residual tumor cells. A biomaterial-based scaffold should mimic the normal bone tissue during the restoration of bone defects in regard to hierarchical structure, chemical composition, and biomechanical properties. However, a considerable number of biomaterials have been developed for bone tissue targeting with osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties. Bone tissue-related research has progressed towards combinatorial therapy such as photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and magnetic therapy in orientation with biomaterials which will elevate the efficacy of bone tumor therapy. New combinatorial approaches with bioimaging and efficient tumor eradication exhibit significant potential for the synergistic treatment of osteosarcoma. Currently, in the arena of bone tissue engineering, the focus is on the incorporation of antitumor and pro-bone forming drugs into scaffold matrix using modified techniques in biomaterials. With the help of these techniques, a therapeutic material could be unloaded onto a target site precisely which can help in enhancing the therapeutic outcome and stop the potentially harmful effects on healthy cells. Multifunctional biomaterials have been proposed for the treatment of bone tumor cells with a better understanding of biomaterial design and development. To fabricate a biomaterial-based scaffold more precisely, powerful tools like 3D printing technology have evolved in the recent past, which can guide the development of scaffolds that imitate the structural and functional composition of bone which could be helpful in the treatment of bone tumours and promote osteogenesis. There is a need for the development of effective targeted drug delivery in corroboration with profound binding with a suitable biomaterial that can effectively treat bone tumors without any adverse effect on human physiology. Future research should be in line with combining various therapies for improved bone tumor treatment and precise control of antineoplastic drug-oriented treatment oriented with stimuli-responsive systems.