Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae)

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Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant known as castor oil plant and has highly toxic effects due to its ricin content. Root leaves and especially seeds of this plant, which has a wide distribution area in the world, are rich in terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids. For this reason, the plant, used by the ancient people as a laxative for infections, inflammations, and toothache, has shown various biological activities. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of the plant and its compounds have been determined in multiple studies. However, its seeds have toxic effects on humans and animals.&nbsp;