Recent Developments and Perspectives in Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes Employing Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

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Among the 7×105 tonnes of synthetic dye manufacturing, 1,000 tonnes of non-biodegradable textile dyes are disposed each year into natural streams and water bodies. Due to rising environmental concerns and awareness, it is necessary to remove dyes (pollutants) from municipal and industrial water effluents using a method that is both efficient and affordable. In this regard, photocatalysis has proven to be a safe, long-lasting, and effective wastewater treatment method with a high potential for color removal. Due to their excellent potential as a photocatalyst to degrade various organic dyes, metal oxide nanoparticles have been hailed as promising materials throughout the past two decades. The fundamentals of photocatalysis, drawbacks of traditional water purification techniques, and strategies for dye decolorization and degradation are all briefly covered in this book chapter. It focuses on the mechanisms in relatively wellunderstood metal oxide photocatalysts. It summarizes recent developments to improve metal oxide NPs photocatalytic efficiency, shape and structural modifications of metal oxide, and immobilization of metal oxide by using various supports to make it a versatile and financially successful dye treatment technology. Then, the conclusion and the outlook for the future were considered and hypothesized, releasing the field for advanced study to be granted for developing a photocatalytic system that can be widely employed for various pollutants.