Bentham Science Publishers

The classical theory of electrodynamics is based on Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz law of force. This book begins with a detailed analysis of these equations, and proceeds to examine their far-reaching consequences. The traditional approach to electrodynamics treats the ‘microscopic’ equations of Maxwell as fundamental, with electric charge and electric current as the sole sources of the electric and magnetic fields. Subsequently, polarization and magnetization are introduced into Maxwell's equations to account for the observed behavior of material media. The augmented equations, known as Maxwell's ‘macroscopic’ equations, are considered useful for practical applications, but are also ultimately reducible to the more fundamental ‘microscopic’ equations. In contrast, this textbook treats Maxwell's ‘macroscopic’ equations as the foundation of classical electrodynamics, and treats electrical charge, electrical current, polarization, and magnetization as the basic constituents of material media. The laws that govern the distribution of electromagnetic energy and momentum in space-time are also introduced in an early chapter, then discussed in great detail in subsequent chapters.

The text presents several examples that demonstrate the solution of Maxwell's equations in diverse situations, aiming to enhance the reader’s understanding of the flow of energy and momentum as well as the distribution of force and torque throughout the matter-field systems under consideration.

This revised edition of Field, Force, Energy and Momentum in Classical Electrodynamics features revised chapters, some of which include expanded discussions of fundamental concepts or alternative derivations of important formulas. The new edition also features three additional chapters covering Maxwell’s equations in spherical coordinates (Chapter 10), the author’s recent discussion (and streamlined proof) of the Optical Theorem (Chapter 13), and the fascinating connections between electromagnetism and Einstein’s special theory of relativity (Chapter 15). A new appendix covers the SI system of units that has been used throughout the book.

The book is a useful textbook for physics majors studying classical electrodynamics. It also serves as a reference for industry professionals and academic faculty in the fields of optics and advanced electronics.

This book presents a review of the transformative impact of fintech and blockchain technologies on the financial industry. The book aims to bridge the gap between technical jargon and practical understanding, making it accessible to a wide audience. It begins by introducing fundamental concepts and tracing the evolution of these technologies. Subsequent chapters explore specific applications such as digital payments, lending, and investment management. The final sections address regulatory challenges, security concerns, and the future outlook for fintech and blockchain.

Key features of the book include a I) clear and concise explanation of complex technical concepts, making them understandable for both industry professionals and general readers, ii) real-world case studies and examples to illustrate the practical applications of fintech and blockchain, iii) insights into the regulatory environment and potential risks associated with these technologies and iv) a forward-looking perspective on the future of finance,

Readers will understand the intricacies of blockchain, including its underlying technology, smart contracts, and potential use cases in the financial sector. It also helps readers to anticipate industry trends.

This is the second volume of the book series featuring empirical research conducted on business decision making policies of oligopolistic organizations. This volume brings together 11 chapters that cover economic and mathematical models to illustrate strategic decision making among different organizations. Topics covered in this volume include, the theory of firm behavior, the Bertrand model of an incumbent and a potential industrial entrant, strategic interactions in vertically related industries, financial losses of enterprises caused by breaks of information security systems and the association of certain funding choices with efficiency in small medium enterprises. Thus the volume encompasses a fresh collection of works on firm behavior and industrial economics.

Experimental research using spermatozoa, a highly specialized cell with organelles involved in gene transfer, energy supply and cellular motility, has always occupied the forefront of studies in cell and reproductive biology. Several spermatological experiments have focused on the attraction of a spermatozoon toward the egg – sperm chemotaxis or sperm guidance. This process ubiquitously occurs in the reproductive system of many organisms. After its discovery in the late 19th century in plants, sperm chemotaxis is known to play a crucial role in fertilization success in both plants and animals. Spermatology has expanded in focus in recent years, as the structure of molecules relevant to sperm chemotaxis has been recently determined in several species of invertebrates and vertebrates, which promises remarkable progress for understanding events relevant to sexual reproduction. Reflecting upon these trends in the long history of sperm chemotaxis, Flagellar Mechanics and Sperm Guidance gathers leaders in the field of spermatology, who have presented their experimental research on the chemical cues behind flagellate behavior in a variety of organisms including bikonts and spermatozoa of marine invertebrates and vertebrates (fish, amphibians and mammals). Reviews presented in this monograph provide both basic and detailed information on the initiation and activation of sperm motility at spawning, sperm thermotaxis, and other mechanics such as mathematical models of a spermatozoon swimming. A comparison between features of sperm chemotaxis among different organisms is also given.

Flagellar Mechanics and Sperm Guidance will stir interest in spermatology research among a broad variety of readers including researchers, Ph.D. students studying reproductive biology and teachers involved in advanced biology courses.

Floods are devastating natural disasters with a significant impact on human life and the surrounding environent. Flood Risk Assessment and Management should serve as an Ideal textbook on analytical flood risk assessment and management, and is intended for lecturers, undergraduates and postgraduates in civil engineering, geography, environmental science, earth sciences, and related disciplines. This book is based on the lecture notes taught at the University of Bristol to students undertaking a Masters course in civil engineering. All chapters are supplemented with challenging questions, answers and solutions.

INTRODUCTION

This reference is a detailed guide to the world of food additives commonly used in the food processing and manufacturing industry. Edited by experts in the field, invited scholars enrich the book with relevant chapter contributions. Chapters provide readers with knowledge on a broad range of food additives (anti-browning agents, essential oils, flavour enhancers, preservatives, stabilizers, sweeteners, among others), their safe use and a summary of their effects on human health.

Key Features:

- Covers a wide range of natural and synthetic food additives

- Covers health related topics relevant to food additives

- Chapters are organized into specific, easy-to-read topics

- Provides bibliographic references for further reading

This book serves a valuable instrument for a broad spectrum of readers: researchers, health professionals, students, food science enthusiasts, and working professionals in industry and government regulatory agencies interested in the science of food additives.

This concise yet comprehensive book provides conceptual knowledge about forensic odontology in medical, dental, allied and litigation purposes.

Written by authors that are highly knowledgeable, experienced and well-established in the field, this handbook lucidly explains basic and advanced components of dental forensics, beginning with anatomical attributes of the tooth, age assessment, dental anomalies and moving ahead to DNA fingerprinting from dental pulp, disaster victim identification from dentures, bite marks and oral autobiography which is a pragmatic approach in identification.

Key features:

- Gives an insight into basic and advanced aspects necessary to become an expert practitioner in forensic dentistry with a focus on how to provide apt evidence and explanations

- Brings out remedial measures for challenges in disaster victim identification which can prove to be very helpful in crisis management

- Provides references for further reading

This book is intended as a handbook for readers who require a basic exposure to forensic dentistry. It will benefit learners and working professionals in forensic medicine, clinical settings, legal review, litigation, disaster management and allied roles involved in the criminal justice system.

This book presents research focused on the design of fractal antennas using bio-inspired computing techniques. The authors present designs for fractal antennas having desirable features like size reduction characteristics, enhanced gain, and improved bandwidths. The research is summarized in six chapters which highlight the important issues related to fractal antenna design and the mentioned computing techniques. Chapters demonstrate several applied concepts and techniques used in the process such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Genetic Algorithms (GAs), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO). The work aims to provide cost-effective and efficient solutions to the demand for compact antennas due to the increasing demand for reduced sizes of components in modern wireless communication devices.

A key feature of the book includes an extensive literature survey to understand the concept of fractal antennas, their features, and design approaches. Another key feature is the systematic approach to antenna design. The book explains how the IE3D software is used to simulate various fractal antennas, and how the results can be used to select a design. This is followed by ANN model development and testing for optimization, and an exploration of ANN ensemble models for the design of fractal antennas.

The bio-inspired computing techniques based on GA, PSO, and BFO are developed to find the optimal design of the proposed fractal antennas for the desired applications. The performance comparison of the given computing techniques is also explained to demonstrate how to select the best algorithm for a given bio-inspired design. Finally, the book explains how to evaluate antenna designs.

This book is a valuable resource for students (from UG to PG levels) and research scholars undertaking learning modules or projects on microstrip and patch antenna design in communications or electronics engineering courses.

This reference explores the science of signaling mechanisms associated with diseases like endocrine, metabolic, and immune disorders which are linked to oxidative stress-mediated disease mechanisms. The common diseases in these categories include diabetes mellitus and arthritis and conditions defined by inflammation and autoimmunity. These diseases involve metabolic pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species or free radicals. The pathways are targets in the mechanism of drugs that aim to treat related disorders. The book covers key topics in free radical biology that help to understand the nature of the pathways and the pharmacology of the drugs that are designed to target them.

5 chapters elucidate the free radical biology of the diseases.

1. Role of free radical biology in diabetes mellitus

2. Role of GSK3 in the regulation of insulin release and glucose metabolism

3. Regulatory role of NRF2 in rheumatoid arthritis

4. Role of free radical biology in Alzheimer's disease

5. Regulatory role of immune cells mediated antibody on rheumatoid arthritis Key features:

- Elucidates the key biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms that are mediated by free radicals in common endocrine, metabolic and immune diseases

- Explains the activation of immunological factors (like RF and ACPA) that trigger inflammation and arthritis

- Covers the role of free radicals in Alzheimer's disease and new interventions that target mitochondrial mechanisms

- Systematically explains the molecular biology of free radicals with the help of schematic diagrams

- Includes references for further reading The accessible and structured text in this reference makes it a suitable resource for all biomedical scientists, faculty, and postgraduate students in academia and industry.

Positioned at the crossroads of genomics, proteomics, artificial intelligence, and biomedical engineering, this book provides a roadmap for leveraging computational intelligence to address the complex challenges of modern life sciences, healthcare, and industrial biotechnology.

Across twelve comprehensive chapters, the book lays the foundations for sequencing technologies, omics data, and the principles of biotechnology data management. It then transitions into the application of machine learning models ranging from neural networks to optimization frameworks to extract meaningful insights from large-scale biological datasets. Subsequently it addresses pressing challenges such as data noise, scalability, and ethical AI, while also highlighting algorithmic breakthroughs in pharmacogenomics, drug discovery, precision medicine, and synthetic biology. Case studies illustrate real-world applications, from CRISPR diagnostics and clinical trial optimization to agricultural genomics and biomedical engineering innovations. The closing chapters project the future trajectory of biotechnology, exploring quantum computing, federated learning, and secure data-sharing techniques.

Key Features:

Uncovers the revolutionary role of computational algorithms in biotechnology research and healthcare

Explores the integration of AI, ML, and optimization methods in genomics, proteomics, and systems biology

Analyzes real-world applications through case studies in pharmacogenomics, CRISPR, and agritech

Provides practical insights into implementing secure, scalable, and ethical data solutions

Gives an understanding future trends such as quantum computing and federated learning in biotech innovation.