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1 - 3 of 3 for ""phloretin""
Importance of Thymoquinone, Sulforaphane, Phloretin, and Epigallocatechin and their Health Benefits
Natural products have a broad diversity of multidimensional chemical formations which play an important role and indicate the crucial nature as a golden source for gaining herbal drug discovery. Thymoquinone performs various functions and impacts anticancer anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti-diabetic. It shows the significant influence on the treatment of different cancer types such as bone cancer bladder cancer lung cancer breast cancer prostate cancer and colon cancer. Sulforaphane has anticancer and antimicrobial properties and anticarcinogenic constituents. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone flavonoid that indicates a potent antioxidant activity in peroxynitrite scavenging and restraint of lipid peroxidation. The most important health benefits of phloretin are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and its impacts on cancer cells. Its antioxidant activity occurs through a reducer of lipid peroxidation the scavenger of ROS and its anti-inflammatory impacts happen through a declined level of cytokines adhesion molecules chemokines suppression of NF-Κβ transcription and decreased expression of COX- 2 and iNOS. Phloretin impacts cancer cells through cytotoxic and apoptotic activity and activation of immune cells against the tumor. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is the most abundant tea polyphenol followed by other polyphenols namely catechin epicatechin epigallocatechin and epicatechin-3-gallate. This review manuscript mentions some important medical health advantages and pharmaceutical effects of thymoquinone sulforaphane phloretin and epigallocatechin.
The Metabolic Fate of Apple Polyphenols in Humans
Apples (Malus spp. Rosaceae) and their products contain significant concentrations of polyphenols which have diverse biological activities and may have important beneficial effects on human health. The main polyphenols in apples are hydroxycinnamic acids dihydrochalcones flavonols catechins and oligomeric procyanidins although triterpenoids are also present in apple peel and anthocyanins in red apples. Human intervention studies have provided clear evidence that dietary polyphenols are at least partially absorbed following ingestion. They undergo extensive metabolism during the absorption process and subsequent distribution in the body. Hence plasma and tissues are not generally exposed to polyphenols in their ingested form in vivo and knowledge about their bioavailability metabolism and concentrations in target tissues is of great importance when evaluating their biological effects and for ensuring that in vitro studies have physiological relevance. Metabolites such as glucuronides sulfates and methylated derivatives have been investigated in vivo. In addition activities of colonic microbiota have been shown to generate other metabolites including phenolic and short chain fatty acids. It has also been shown that deconjugations catalyzed by intracellular enzymes can occur during gastrointestinal absorption thereby releasing aglycones. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the bioavailability and metabolism of apple-derived polyphenols in humans.
In Silico Studies Towards Enhancing the Anticancer Activity of Phytochemical Phloretin Against Cancer Drug Targets
Background: Mounting evidence over the past decade suggests that the number of phytochemicals were identified and designed on the basis of computer modeling (In slico method) to understand the interactions among the anti-cancer targeting proteins. Objectives: The aim of the present research was to find the anti-cancer targeting efficiency of phloretin by molecular docking. Methods: Based on the experimental evidence a phytochemical of phloretin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) nuclear factor-ΚB (NFkB) c-Kit receptor protein-tyrosine kinase Farnesyl transferase platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) proteins were utilized to perform induced fit docking by using Glide 6.5 (Schrodinger 2014-2). Multiple numbers of the poses were generated and evaluated for understanding the binding conformations and common interacting residues between ligands and proteins. Results: The docking results revealed that phloretin exhibited significant binding interaction pattern when compare to the known cancer target native inhibitor. Conclusion: Phloretin revealed good docking score and glide energy. Further studies are needed to explore its pharmacophoere properties and inhibitory potential in experimental models.