Skip to content
2000
image of The Effect of Group Counselling based on Mindfulness on the Perceived Stress of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Referring to the Comprehensive Health Service and Diabetes Center in Hamadan City in 2021: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study

Abstract

Introduction

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that can occur during pregnancy, leading to various complications for both the mother and the fetus. Additionally, women with gestational diabetes are at a higher risk of experiencing mental health disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of group counselling based on mindfulness on perceived stress in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, given the influence of cognitive-behavioral interventions such as mindfulness on stress and anxiety.

Methods

In this research, 80 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention and a control. Before the intervention, participants completed a questionnaire that included demographic and obstetric information as well as the Cohen Perceived Stress Questionnaire. The intervention group participated in 8 sessions of mindfulness counselling, with each session lasting between 45 and 60 minutes. Mindfulness sessions focused on emotion regulation. The control group did not receive any intervention. Participants completed the questionnaires one month after the initial intervention in the control group and right after the counselling ended in the intervention group.

Results

The mean score of perceived stress among pregnant women decreased significantly after the intervention ( ˂0.001). There was no difference in socio-demographic characteristics between the groups ( ˃0.05). After the intervention, the perceived stress levels of pregnant women significantly decreased compared to before (from 29.72 (5.33) to 26.10 (5.07)), and after the ANCOVA test, the difference was statistically significant ( ˂0.001).

Conclusion

Mindfulness-based counseling plays an important role in reducing the stress of pregnant women with gestational diabetes through increased awareness, and it can help them control disease conditions, reduce stress, and apply effective coping strategies for stress. Mindfulness-based counseling reduces the perceived stress of pregnant women and thus reduces adverse physical and psychological consequences during pregnancy.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/rrct/10.2174/0115748871366197250707214017
2025-07-22
2025-10-31

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/rrct/10.2174/0115748871366197250707214017
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Lu W. Hu C. Molecular biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum diabetes. Chin. Med. J. 2022 135 16 1940 1951 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002160 36148588
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Benton M. The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on perceived mother-infant bonding: A qualitative study. J. Reprod. Infant Psychol. 2023 1 14 37493446
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Gerbier E. Antidiabetic medication utilisation before and during pregnancy in switzerland between 2012 and 2019: An administrative claim database from the MAMA cohort. J. Diabetes Res. 2023 2023 4105993 10.1155/2023/4105993
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Feng Q. Yang M. Dong H. Sun H. Chen S. Chen C. Zhang Y. Lan X. Su D. Zeng G. Dietary fat quantity and quality in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women: A prospective cohort study. Br. J. Nutr. 2023 129 9 1481 1490 10.1017/S0007114522002422 35912684
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Gorsch L.P. Trends in delivery hospitalizations with pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus and associated outcomes: 2000–2019. American J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2023 229 1 63.e1 63.e14 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.12.006
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Sadeghi S. Khatibi S.R. Mahdizadeh M. Peyman N. Zare Dorniani S. Prevalence of gestational diabetes in iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med. J. Islam. Repub. Iran 2023 37 83 10.47176/mjiri.37.83 38021388
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Diniz M.S. Fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal obesity: A potential threat for programming cardiovascular disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Mol. Basis. Dis. 2023 1869 8 166834 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166834
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Wei H.X. Yang Y.L. Luo T.Y. Chen W.Q. Effectiveness of mobile health interventions for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2023 43 2 2245906 10.1080/01443615.2023.2245906 37605977
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Moon J.H. Jang H.C. Gestational diabetes mellitus: Diagnostic approaches and maternal-offspring complications. Diabetes Metab. J. 2022 46 1 3 14 10.4093/dmj.2021.0335 35135076
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ornoy A. Becker M. Weinstein-Fudim L. Ergaz Z. Diabetes during pregnancy: A maternal disease complicating the course of pregnancy with long-term deleterious effects on the offspring. a clinical review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021 22 6 2965 10.3390/ijms22062965 33803995
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Reitzle L. Heidemann C. Baumert J. Kaltheuner M. Adamczewski H. Icks A. Scheidt-Nave C. Pregnancy complications in women with pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 2023 120 6 81 86 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0387 36518030
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Karami M. Mousavi S.H. Rafiee M. Heidari R. Shahrokhi S.Z. Biochemical and molecular biomarkers: Unraveling their role in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 2023 15 1 5 10.1186/s13098‑023‑00980‑8 36631877
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Luo R. Wen W. Corsi D.J. Fell D.B. Taljaard M. Wen S.W. Walker M.C. Comparison of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes between induction and expectant management among women with gestational diabetes mellitus at term pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023 23 1 509 10.1186/s12884‑023‑05779‑z 37438706
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Citro F. Bianchi C. Nicolì F. Aragona M. Marchetti P. Di Cianni G. Bertolotto A. Advances in diabetes management: Have pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes changed in the last decades? Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2023 205 110979 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110979 37890701
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Faal Siahkal S. Javadifar N. Najafian M. Iravani M. Zakerkish M. Heshmati R. The psychosocial challenges associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Prim. Care Diabetes 2022 16 1 11 26 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.09.003 34538572
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Sun S. Pellowski J. Pisani C. Pandey D. Go M. Chu M. Ruan J. Werner E.F. Experiences of stigma, psychological distress, and facilitative coping among pregnant people with gestational diabetes mellitus. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023 23 1 643 10.1186/s12884‑023‑05949‑z 37679726
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Nar M. Ozcirpan C.Y. Exploring psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes. Contemp. Nurse 2023 59 2 88 98 10.1080/10376178.2023.2175699 36734366
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Jung S. Kim Y. Park J. Choi M. Kim S. Psychosocial support interventions for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Korean J. Women Health Nurs. 2021 27 2 75 92 10.4069/kjwhn.2021.05.13 36313133
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Ocak Aktürk S. Yilmaz T. Mindfulness in pregnancy, childbirth and parenting. Dokuz Eylül Üniv. Hemsire. Fak. Elektron. Derg. 2023 16 2 223 233 10.46483/deuhfed.1076031
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Zhang X. Lin P. Sun J. Sun Y. Shao D. Cao D. Cao F. Prenatal stress self-help mindfulness intervention via social media: A randomized controlled trial. J. Ment. Health 2023 32 1 206 215 10.1080/09638237.2021.1952947 34264775
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Jamil A. Gutlapalli S.D. Ali M. Oble M.J.P. Sonia S.N. George S. Shahi S.R. Ali Z. Abaza A. Mohammed L. Meditation and its mental and physical health benefits in 2023. Cureus 2023 15 6 40650 10.7759/cureus.40650 37476142
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Sui Y. Kor P.P.K. Li M. Wang J. Effects of a social media–based mind-body intervention embedded with acupressure and mindfulness for stress reduction among family caregivers of frail older adults: Pilot randomized controlled trial. JMIR Form. Res. 2023 7 42861 10.2196/42861 36804167
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Ngan S.T.J. Cheng P.W.C. Classification of mindfulness meditation and its impact on neural measures in the clinical population. Front. Psychol. 2022 13 891004 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891004 35756322
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Pan W.L. Lin L.C. Kuo L.Y. Chiu M.J. Ling P.Y. Effects of a prenatal mindfulness program on longitudinal changes in stress, anxiety, depression, and mother–infant bonding of women with a tendency to perinatal mood and anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023 23 1 547 10.1186/s12884‑023‑05873‑2 37525110
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Sa S. Sb P. Beneficial effects of mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) on bio-physiological and psychological parameters among type 2 diabetics. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl. 2022 21 4 766 773
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Pan W.L. Gau M.L. Hsu T.C. Shen S.C. Lee T.Y. Applying mindfulness techniques to the management of depressive tendencies in women in taiwan in the perinatal period: A qualitative study. Asian Nurs. Res. 2022 16 3 149 154 10.1016/j.anr.2022.05.004 35649499
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Jenkinson E. Knoop I. Hudson J.L. Moss-Morris R. Hackett R.A. The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and third‐wave cognitive behavioural interventions on diabetes‐related distress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabet. Med. 2022 39 11 14948 10.1111/dme.14948 36031793
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Pan W.L. Chang C-W. Chen S-M. Gau M-L. Assessing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based programs on mental health during pregnancy and early motherhood - a randomized control trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019 19 1 346 10.1186/s12884‑019‑2503‑4 30606156
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Khalili R. Sirati nir M. Ebadi A. Tavallai A. Habibi M. Validity and reliability of the cohen 10-item perceived stress scale in patients with chronic headache: Persian version. Asian J. Psychiatr. 2017 26 136 140 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.01.010 28483077
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Porter A.C. Hunter S. Noonan K. Hoffman M.C. A mindfulness application for reducing prenatal stress. J. Midwifery Womens Health 2022 67 4 442 447 10.1111/jmwh.13359 35403807
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Safari A. Mohammadzadeh J. Ahmadi V. Mami S. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on self-efficacy, percived stress and depressive symptoms in female-headed households in Ilam. Alborz Univer. Med. J. 2023 12 2 157 168 10.61186/aums.12.2.157
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Ciciolla L. Addante S. Shreffler K.M. Croff J.M. Effects of a mindfulness-based parental reflection intervention on pregnancy-related distress: A pilot study. Womens Health Rep. 2023 4 1 78 83 10.1089/whr.2022.0090 36874239
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Alhawatmeh H.N. Rababa M. Alfaqih M. Albataineh R. Hweidi I. Abu Awwad A. The benefits of mindfulness meditation on trait mindfulness, perceived stress, cortisol, and C-reactive protein in nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Adv. Med. Educ. Pract. 2022 13 47 58 10.2147/AMEP.S348062 35046747
    [Google Scholar]
  34. da Silva Machado R. Vieira I.S. Scaini C. Molina M.L. Barbosa L.P. da Silva G.D.G. Ores L. de Mattos Souza L.D. Jansen K. da Silva R.A. Ego-defense mechanisms and brief psychotherapies for the management of major depressive disorder in adults: A longitudinal and quasi-experimental study. J. Affect. Disord. 2023 330 291 299 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.141 36871912
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Weder B.J. Mindfulness in the focus of the neurosciences - The contribution of neuroimaging to the understanding of mindfulness. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 2022 16 928522 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.928522 36325155
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Nasrollahi M. Ghazanfar Pour M. Ahmadi A. Mirzaee M. Alidousti K. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, and stress of women with the early loss of pregnancy in southeast Iran: A randomized control trial. Reprod. Health 2022 19 1 233 10.1186/s12978‑022‑01543‑2 36581926
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Yıldırım D. Çiriş Yıldız C. The effect of Mindfulness-Based breathing and music therapy practice on nurses’ stress, work-related strain, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial. Holist. Nurs. Pract. 2022 36 3 156 165 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000511 35435877
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Aghamohammadi F. Saed O. Ahmadi R. Kharaghani R. The effectiveness of adapted group mindfulness-based stress management program on perceived stress and emotion regulation in midwives: A randomized clinical trial. BMC Psychol. 2022 10 1 123 10.1186/s40359‑022‑00823‑7 35562792
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Mehrsafar A.H. The effect of mindfulness intervention on perceived stress and salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels in elite wrestlers during competition. Neuropsychology 2023 8 4 1 8
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Alkhunaizi A.N. Alyousef S.M. Alhamidi S.A. Almoammar D.N. Saudi arabian primigravid women’s experiences of mindfulness to reduce childbirth stress: A qualitative study. SAGE Open Nurs. 2023 9 23779608231175214 10.1177/23779608231175214 37214232
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Komariah M. Effect of mindfulness breathing meditation on depression, anxiety, and stress: A randomized controlled trial among university students. Healthcare 2022 11 1 26 10.3390/healthcare11010026
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Ye Q. Huang Y. Ge X. Song X. Validation of online mindfulness-enhanced course for stress reduction in teachers. Front. Psychiatry 2023 14 1086142 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1086142 37082762
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Kogias N. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction on stress regulation and associated neurocognitive mechanisms in stressed university students: The MindRest study. medRxiv 2023 2023.05 10.1101/2023.05.24.23290218
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Engström M. Willander J. Simon R. A review of the methodology, taxonomy, and definitions in recent fMRI research on meditation. Mindfulness 2022 13 3 541 555 10.1007/s12671‑021‑01782‑7
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Nash J.D. Newberg A.B. An updated classification of meditation methods using principles of taxonomy and systematics. Front. Psychol. 2023 13 1062535 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1062535 36846482
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Gu Y.Q. Zhu Y. Underlying mechanisms of mindfulness meditation: Genomics, circuits, and networks. World J. Psychiatry 2022 12 9 1141 1149 10.5498/wjp.v12.i9.1141 36186506
    [Google Scholar]
  47. McKeen H. Hook M. Podduturi P. Beitzell E. Jones A. Liss M. Mindfulness as a mediator and moderator in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depression. Curr. Psychol. 2023 42 8 6576 6586 10.1007/s12144‑021‑02003‑z 34177211
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Hidajat T.J. Edwards E.J. Wood R. Campbell M. Mindfulness-based interventions for stress and burnout in teachers: A systematic review. Teach. Teach. Educ. 2023 134 104303 10.1016/j.tate.2023.104303
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Li J. Li C. Puts M. Wu Y. Lyu M. Yuan B. Zhang J. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2023 140 104447 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104447 36796118
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/rrct/10.2174/0115748871366197250707214017
Loading
The Effect of Group Counselling based on Mindfulness on the Perceived Stress of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Referring to the Comprehensive Health Service and Diabetes Center in Hamadan City in 2021: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871366197250707214017
/content/journals/rrct/10.2174/0115748871366197250707214017
/content/journals/rrct/10.2174/0115748871366197250707214017
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: Group counselling ; mindfulness ; women ; perceived stress ; gestational diabetes ; pregnant

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test