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image of The Role of Anti-MDA5 Antibodies in Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction

Anti-melanoma Differentiation-associated Gene 5 (aMDA5) antibody-associated Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease (RP-ILD) is a rare and potentially fatal condition.

Methods

This case report describes a 78-year-old male who presented with a 10-day history of fever, cough, and asthenia.

Results

Despite initial treatment for suspected atypical pneumonia, the clinical condition of the patient rapidly deteriorated, necessitating intensive care and mechanical ventilation. High-resolution CT scans revealed a progressive interstitial lung disease with pneumomediastinum. Autoimmunity blood tests revealed high-titer anti-MDA5 antibodies, leading to a diagnosis of anti-MDA5 RP-ILD. Despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, the patient's condition continued to worsen, resulting in death.

Discussion

Our case underlines the importance of early recognition and diagnosis of anti-MDA5 RP-ILD, as it can present without typical dermatomyositis skin manifestations. The report also includes a comprehensive literature review covering the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment options for anti-MDA5-associated disease.

Conclusion

This case underscores the need for increased awareness of this condition among clinicians to improve early diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
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2025-05-13
2025-10-15

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/content/journals/rrct/10.2174/0115748871350269250507052714
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The Role of Anti-MDA5 Antibodies in Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871350269250507052714
/content/journals/rrct/10.2174/0115748871350269250507052714
/content/journals/rrct/10.2174/0115748871350269250507052714
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  • Article Type:     Case Report
Keywords: Anti-MDA5 antibodies ; interstitial lung disease ; autoimmunity ; immunosuppressants ; rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease ; dermatomyositis

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