Tissue Doppler Imaging in Coronary Heart Diseases and Heart Failure: An Up to Date

The application of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) has shown remarkable growth in clinical practice during the past years, especially, in risk stratification of patients with coronary heart disease or heart failure (systolic and diastolic). TDI systolic velocities have been used to detect impaired systolic function in patient with coronary artery disease and heart failure. Important patents were reported in the last years. Main Future development is the application of threedimensional echocardiography with TDI and other technologies derived from TDI, as Strain, Strain Rate and Twodimensional (2D) Strain.