Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: An Overview of the Recent Inventions

The etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex which includes oxidative stress, apoptosis, mutations in genes, imbalance in metal homeostasis and neuroinflammation. Biomarkers such as micro RNAs, peptides, protein complexes and genes in various body fluids of AD patients play a pivotal role not only in diagnosis of the disease but also in following the therapeutic effects of drugs employed to treat this neurodegenerative disorder. However, there has been a substantial dearth in diagnosing this disease at the earliest. This review focuses on recent advances and patents in the field of biomarkers of AD. It strongly emphasizes the growing need to translate the available and upcoming knowledge into substantial clinical trials to streamline a vital armamentarium for the disease.