Osthole: Synthesis, Structural Modifications, and Biological Properties

Osthole, a naturally occurring coumarin-type compound, is isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Cnidium monnieri (L.) and exhibits a broad range of biological properties. In this review, the total synthesis and structural modifications of osthole and its analogs are described. Additionally, the progress on bioactivities of osthole and its analogs has been outlined since 2016. Moreover, the structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action of osthole and its derivatives are discussed. These can provide references for future design, development, and application of osthole and its analogs as drugs or pesticides in the fields of medicine and agriculture.