Modulation of Calcium Signaling in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Therapeutic Promise for Natural Products

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continues as one of the most lethal cerebral cancers despite standard therapeutic modalities, such as maximum surgical resection and chemoradiation. The minimal effectiveness of existing therapies necessitates the development of additional drug candidates that could improve the prognosis of GBM patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that calcium (Ca²⁺) is involved in the processes of cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, migration, and invasiveness. Therefore, Ca²⁺ could serve as a crucial regulator of tumorigenesis and a potential treatment target in GBM. In this context, specific natural products are known to modulate Ca²⁺ signaling pathways implicated in tumor growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and development of GBM. Here, the focus is on the function of Ca²⁺ as a therapeutic target in GBM and reviewing certain natural products that affect the signaling pathways of Ca²⁺.