Dietary Plant Metabolites Induced Epigenetic Modification as a Novel Strategy for the Management of Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is a widespread malignancy among men, with a substantial global impact on morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in conventional therapies, the need for innovative and less toxic treatments remains a priority. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary plant metabolites possess epigenetic-modifying properties, making them attractive candidates for prostate cancer treatment. The present work reviews the epigenetic effects of dietary plant metabolites in the context of prostate cancer therapy. We first outline the key epigenetic mechanisms involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA or Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) dysregulation. Next, we delve into the vast array of dietary plant metabolites that have demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects through epigenetic regulation. Resveratrol, minerals, isothiocyanates, curcumin, tea polyphenols, soy isoflavones and phytoestrogens, garlic compounds, anthocyanins, lycopene, and indoles are among the most extensively studied compounds. These plant-derived bioactive compounds have been shown to influence DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, and microRNA expression, thereby altering the gene expression allied with prostate cancer progression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. We also explore preclinical and clinical studies investigating the efficacy of dietary plant metabolites as standalone treatments or in combination with traditional treatments for people with prostate cancer. The present work highlights the potential of dietary plant metabolites as epigenetic modulators to treat prostate cancer. Continued research in this field may pave the way for personalized and precision medicine approaches, moving us closer to the goal of improved prostate cancer management.