Skip to content
2000
Volume 2, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2666-9390
  • E-ISSN: 2666-9404

Abstract

Indian spices, which provide food taste, color, and scent, also have several medicinal benefits. The therapeutic uses of these plants were described in ancient Indian writings of Ayurveda, an Indian medical system. Numerous active chemicals with pharmacological effects have been shown to exist in these spices, according to recent scientific studies. Experimental and clinical research has also confirmed the medicinal effectiveness of these distinct spices for certain pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological and experimental approaches corroborate the therapeutic benefits long attributed to Indian spices, giving their traditional therapeutic use a scientific basis. Various parts of plants are used as spices to prepare food recipes. Still, this review considered that these particular plants have some important roles and also mentioned their chemistry, pharmacological activity, and traditional use as folk medicine.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/lff/10.2174/0126669390339447250107065055
2025-01-17
2025-09-02

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/lff/10.2174/0126669390339447250107065055
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. GuptaM. Pharmacological properties and traditional therapeutic uses of important Indian spices: A review.Int. J. Food Prop.20101351092111610.1080/10942910902963271
     [Google Scholar]
  2. ChithraV. LeelammaS. Coriandrum sativum — effect on lipid metabolism in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced colon cancer.J. Ethnopharmacol.200071345746310.1016/S0378‑8741(00)00182‑310940583
     [Google Scholar]
  3. RathoreS.S. SaxenaS.N. KakaniR.K. SinghB. Rapid and mass screening method for galactomannan content in fenugreek seeds.Int J Seed Spices2013329193
     [Google Scholar]
  4. AmalrajA. GopiS. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Asafoetida: A review.J. Tradit. Complement. Med.20177334735910.1016/j.jtcme.2016.11.00428725631
     [Google Scholar]
  5. MahendraP. BishtS. Ferula asafoetida : Traditional uses and pharmacological activity.Pharmacogn. Rev.201261214114610.4103/0973‑7847.9994823055640
     [Google Scholar]
  6. BatoolS. KheraR.A. HanifM.A. AyubM.A. Bay leaf.Medicinal plants of South Asia.Elsevier2020637410.1016/B978‑0‑08‑102659‑5.00005‑7
     [Google Scholar]
  7. SingletaryK. Cardamom.Nutr. Today2022571384910.1097/NT.0000000000000507
     [Google Scholar]
  8. ChaiebK. HajlaouiH. ZmantarT. NakbiK.A.B. RouabhiaM. MahdouaniK. BakhroufA. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata ( Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): A short review.Phytother. Res.200721650150610.1002/ptr.212417380552
     [Google Scholar]
  9. JohriR. Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi: An update.Pharmacognosy Rev.20115963
     [Google Scholar]
  10. RatherM.A. Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety.Arabian J. Chem.20169S1574S158310.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.011
     [Google Scholar]
  11. AhmadA. HusainA. MujeebM. KhanS.A. NajmiA.K. SiddiqueN.A. DamanhouriZ.A. AnwarF. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb.Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed.20133533735210.1016/S2221‑1691(13)60075‑123646296
     [Google Scholar]
  12. ForouzanfarF. BazzazB.S.F. HosseinzadehH. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): A review on antimicrobial effects.Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci.2014171292993825859296
     [Google Scholar]
  13. KhoddamiA. GhazaliH.M. YassoralipourA. RamakrishnanY. GanjlooA. Physicochemical characteristics of nigella seed (Nigella sativa L.) oil as affected by different extraction methods.J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.201188453354010.1007/s11746‑010‑1687‑6
     [Google Scholar]
  14. MajumdarS.H. KulkarniA.S. KumbharS.M. “Yogvahi (Bioenhancer)”: An ayurvedic concept used in modern medicines.Int. Res J Pharmacy Med. Sci2018112025
     [Google Scholar]
  15. BuiT.T. PiaoC.H. SongC.H. ShinH.S. ShonD.H. ChaiO.H. Piper nigrum extract ameliorated allergic inflammation through inhibiting Th2/Th17 responses and mast cells activation.Cell. Immunol.2017322647310.1016/j.cellimm.2017.10.00529066080
     [Google Scholar]
  16. TakooreeH. AumeeruddyM.Z. RengasamyK.R.R. VenugopalaK.N. JeewonR. ZenginG. MahomoodallyM.F. A systematic review on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): From folk uses to pharmacological applications.Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.201959sup1S210S24310.1080/10408398.2019.156548930740986
     [Google Scholar]
  17. PrasadN.S. RaghavendraR. LokeshB.R. NaiduK.A. Spice phenolics inhibit human PMNL 5-lipoxygenase.Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids200470652152810.1016/j.plefa.2003.11.00615120715
     [Google Scholar]
  18. JiangT.A. Health benefits of culinary herbs and spices.J. AOAC Int.2019102239541110.5740/jaoacint.18‑041830651162
     [Google Scholar]
  19. HritcuL. NoumedemJ.A. CioancaO. HancianuM. KueteV. MihasanM. Methanolic extract of Piper nigrum fruits improves memory impairment by decreasing brain oxidative stress in amyloid beta(1-42) rat model of Alzheimer’s disease.Cell. Mol. Neurobiol.201434343744910.1007/s10571‑014‑0028‑y24442916
     [Google Scholar]
  20. MaqsoodS. SinghP. SamoonM.H. MunirK. The emerging role of immunostimulants in combating the disease outbreak in aquaculture.Int. Aquatic Res.201133147163
     [Google Scholar]
  21. MaffetoneD.P. Dangers of black pepper.Available from: https://philmaffetone.com/danger-in-black-pepper/ 2018
  22. KozanE. KüpeliE. YesiladaE. Evaluation of some plants used in Turkish folk medicine against parasitic infections for their in vivo anthelmintic activity.J. Ethnopharmacol.2006108221121610.1016/j.jep.2006.05.00316790330
     [Google Scholar]
  23. BlevinsS.M. LeyvaM.J. BrownJ. WrightJ. ScofieldR.H. AstonC.E. Effect of cinnamon on glucose and lipid levels in non insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Care20073092236223710.2337/dc07‑009817563345
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Bay leaf: Health benefits, side effects, uses, dose & precautions.Available from: https://www.rxlist.com/supplements/bay_leaf.htm [Cited on: 2024 Oct 22].2021
  25. Cardamom: Health benefits, side effects, uses, dose & precautions.Available from: https://www.rxlist.com/supplements/cardamom.htm
  26. What are the benefits and side effects of cardamom?Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/what_are_the_benefits_and_side_effects_of_cardamom/article.htm
  27. CaoH. UrbanJ.F.Jr AndersonR.A. Insulin increases tristetraprolin and decreases VEGF gene expression in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Obesity20081661208121810.1038/oby.2008.6518388887
     [Google Scholar]
  28. JakhetiaV. PatelR. KhatriP. PahujaN. GargS. PandeyA. SharmaS. Cinnamon: A pharmacological review.Int. J. Adv. Sci. Res.20101021923
     [Google Scholar]
  29. KoppikarS.J. ChoudhariA.S. SuryavanshiS.A. KumariS. ChattopadhyayS. GhanekarK.R. Aqueous Cinnamon Extract (ACE-c) from the bark of Cinnamomum cassiacauses apoptosis in human cervical cancer cell line (SiHa) through loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.BMC Cancer201010121010.1186/1471‑2407‑10‑21020482751
     [Google Scholar]
  30. UnluM. ErgeneE. UnluG.V. ZeytinogluH.S. VuralN. Composition, antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae).Food Chem. Toxicol.201048113274328010.1016/j.fct.2010.09.00120828600
     [Google Scholar]
  31. HwaJ.S. JinY.C. LeeY.S. KoY.S. KimY.M. ShiL.Y. KimH.J. LeeJ.H. NgocT.M. BaeK.H. KimY.S. ChangK.C. 2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde from Cinnamomum cassia reduces rat myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in vivo due to HO-1 induction.J. Ethnopharmacol.2012139260561510.1016/j.jep.2011.12.00122179023
     [Google Scholar]
  32. KamathJ.V. RanaA.C. ChowdhuryR.A. Pro‐healing effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark.Phytother. Res.200317897097210.1002/ptr.129313680838
     [Google Scholar]
  33. RanasingheP. GunatilakeM. GunapalaN. PereraK. KatulandaP. PereraS. AbeywardeneE. PremakumaraS. LokuhettyD. Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) on blood glucose and lipids in a diabetic and healthy rat model.Pharmacognosy Res.201242737910.4103/0974‑8490.9471922518078
     [Google Scholar]
  34. MuhammadD.R.A. DewettinckK. Cinnamon and its derivatives as a potential ingredient in functional food—A review.Int J Food Propert.201720S22237226310.1080/10942912.2017.1369102
     [Google Scholar]
  35. DugouaJ.J. SeelyD. PerriD. CooleyK. ForelliT. MillsE. KorenG. From type 2 diabetes to antioxidant activity: A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of common and cassia cinnamon barkThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the safety and efficacy of natural health products.Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.200785983784710.1139/Y07‑08018066129
     [Google Scholar]
  36. BurtS.A. ReindersR.D. Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7.Lett. Appl. Microbiol.200336316216710.1046/j.1472‑765X.2003.01285.x12581376
     [Google Scholar]
  37. 7 Side effects of too much cinnamon: Safe daily intake.Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/7_side_effects_of_too_much_cinnamon/article.htm
  38. FeresM. FigueiredoL.C. BarretoI.M. CoelhoM.H. AraujoM.W. CortelliS.C. In vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and propolis in saliva samples of healthy and periodontally-involved subjects.J. Int. Acad. Periodontol.200573909616022025
     [Google Scholar]
  39. LarhsiniM. OumoulidL. LazrekH.B. WatalebS. BousaidM. BekkoucheK. JanaM. Antibacterial activity of some Moroccan medicinal plants.Phytother. Res.200115325025210.1002/ptr.81511351362
     [Google Scholar]
  40. FriedmanM. HenikaP.R. MandrellR.E. Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica.J. Food Prot.200265101545156010.4315/0362‑028X‑65.10.154512380738
     [Google Scholar]
  41. OgataM. HoshiM. UranoS. EndoT. Antioxidant activity of eugenol and related monomeric and dimeric compounds.Chem. Pharm. Bull.200048101467146910.1248/cpb.48.146711045452
     [Google Scholar]
  42. OgunwandeI. OlaworeN. EkundayoO. WalkerT. SchmidtJ. SetzerW. Studies on the essential oils composition, antibacterial and cytotoxicity of L.Int. J. Aromath.200515314715210.1016/j.ijat.2005.07.004
     [Google Scholar]
  43. YooC.B. HanK.T. ChoK.S. HaJ. ParkH.J. NamJ.H. KilU.H. LeeK.T. Eugenol isolated from the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata induces a reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells.Cancer Lett.20052251415210.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.01815922856
     [Google Scholar]
  44. NamikiM. Antimutagen and anticarcinogen research in Japan.Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention III. HuangM-T. OsawaT. HoC-T. RosenR.T. YorkMaple Press19945466481
     [Google Scholar]
  45. ErtasO.N. GulerT. CiftciM. DalkilicB. YilmazO. The effect of a dietary supplement coriander seeds on the fatty acid composition of breast muscle in Japanese quail.Rev. Med. Vet.200515610514
     [Google Scholar]
  46. National library of medicine.Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ 2019
  47. NaeemM. Y. KızıldenizT. KaddourA.A. TursunA. Ö. MovilaM. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) A nutritional, aromatic, and medicinal herb.196
     [Google Scholar]
  48. DerakhshanS. SattariM. BigdeliM. Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seed essential oil and alcoholic extract on the morphology, capsule expression and urease activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae.Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents200832543243610.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.05.00918715764
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Coriander: Health benefits, side effects, uses, dose & precautions.Available from: https://www.rxlist.com/supplements/coriander.htm
  50. SattariM. BigdeliM. DerakhshanS. Effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seed essential oil on biofilm formation and plasmid integrity of Klebsiella pneumoniae.Pharmacognosy Mag.20106215710.4103/0973‑1296.59967
     [Google Scholar]
  51. RamosR.R. SaenzF.J.L. AguilarA.F.J. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants.J. Ethnopharmacol.1995481253210.1016/0378‑8741(95)01279‑M8569244
     [Google Scholar]
  52. DhandapaniS. SubramanianV.R. RajagopalS. NamasivayamN. Hypolipidemic effect of Cuminum cyminum L. on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Pharmacol. Res.200246325125510.1016/S1043‑6618(02)00131‑712220968
     [Google Scholar]
  53. JagtapA. G. PatilP. B. Antihyperglycemic activity and inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation by Cuminum cyminum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Food Chem. Toxicol2010488-92030203610.1016/j.fct.2010.04.048
     [Google Scholar]
  54. ChoiE.M. HwangJ.K. Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare.Fitoterapia200475655756510.1016/j.fitote.2004.05.00515351109
     [Google Scholar]
  55. CUMIN: Overview, uses, side effects, precautions, interactions, dosing and reviews.Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-635/cumin
  56. Cumin: Benefits and side effects.Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/cumin-benefits 2017
  57. AcharyaS. N. BasuS. K. BanikS. D. PrasadR. Genotype X environment interactions and its impact on the use of medicinal plants.Open Nut. J2010314754
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Fennel: Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning.Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-311/fennel 2019
  59. HosseinzadehH. TavakkoliA. MahdianV. RazaviB.M. Review on clinical trials of black seed (Nigella sativa) and its active constituent, thymoquinone.J. Pharmacopuncture201720317919310.3831/KPI.2017.20.02130087794
     [Google Scholar]
  60. BasuS.K. AcharyaS.N. ThomasJ.E. Application of phosphate fertilizer and harvest management for improving fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed and forage yield in a dark brown soil zone of Canada.Curr. Appl. Sci. Technol.20088117
     [Google Scholar]
  61. HardmanR. FazliF. Methods of screening the genus Trigonella for steroidal sapogenins in genus Trigonella.Planta Med.197221213113810.1055/s‑0028‑10995325018487
     [Google Scholar]
  62. SachanA.K. DasD.R. KumarM. Carum carvi-An important medicinal plant.J. Chem. Pharm. Res.201683529533
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Fenugreek uses, side effects & warnings.Available from: https://www.drugs.com/mtm/fenugreek.html
  64. Fenugreek | Memorial sloan kettering cancer center.Available from: https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/fenugreek
  65. BenavidesG.A. SquadritoG.L. MillsR.W. PatelH.D. IsbellT.S. PatelR.P. UsmarD.V.M. DoellerJ.E. KrausD.W. Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.200710446179771798210.1073/pnas.070571010417951430
     [Google Scholar]
  66. AgarwalM. WaliaS. DhingraS. KhambayB.P.S. Insect growth inhibition, antifeedant and antifungal activity of compounds isolated/derived from Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) rhizomes.Pest Manag. Sci.200157328930010.1002/ps.26311455660
     [Google Scholar]
  67. WebmdGarlic: Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning.Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-300/garlic 2019
  68. LachumyS.J.T. SasidharanS. SumathyV. ZurainiZ. Pharmacological activity, phytochemical analysis and toxicity of methanol extract of Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) flowers.Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med.201031076977410.1016/S1995‑7645(10)60185‑X
     [Google Scholar]
  69. AfzalΜ. HadidiA.D. MenonM. PesekJ. DhamiM.S.I. Ginger: An ethnomedical, chemical and pharmacological review.Drug Metabol. Drug Interact.2001183-415919010.1515/DMDI.2001.18.3‑4.15911791883
     [Google Scholar]
  70. NCCIHGinger.Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ginger 2020
  71. PearsonK. 8 Health benefits of mint.Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/mint-benefits 2017
  72. Contributors W.E.Health benefits of mint leaves.Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-mint-leaves 2023
  73. SzallasiA. Piperine: Researchers discover new flavor in an ancient spice.Trends Pharmacol. Sci.200526943743910.1016/j.tips.2005.07.00116043235
     [Google Scholar]
  74. RavindranP.N. BabuK.N. SivaramanK. Turmeric: The genus Curcuma.CRC press200710.1201/9781420006322
     [Google Scholar]
  75. TIMESOFINDIA.COMWhy do people advise against having red chili powder?Available from: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/why-people-advise-against-having-red-chilli-powder-facts-decoded/photostory/98635342.cms 2023
  76. ChattopadhyayI. BiswasK. BandyopadhyayU. BanerjeeR.K. Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications.Curr. Sci.2004874453
     [Google Scholar]
  77. AmmonH. AnazodoM. SafayhiH. DhawanB. SrimalR. Curcumin: A potent inhibitor of leukotriene B4 formation in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNL).Planta Med.199258222622610.1055/s‑2006‑9614381326775
     [Google Scholar]
  78. KhajehdehiP. Turmeric: Reemerging of a neglected Asian traditional remedy.J. Nephropathol.201211172210.5812/jnp.524475382
     [Google Scholar]
  79. PankninT.M. HoweC.L. HauerM. BucchireddigariB. RossiA.M. FunkJ.L. Curcumin supplementation and human disease: A scoping review of clinical trials.Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023245447610.3390/ijms2405447636901908
     [Google Scholar]
  80. AhmadRS HussainMB SultanMT ArshadMS WaheedM ShariatiMA PlygunS HashempurMH Biochemistry, safety, pharmacological activities, and clinical applications of turmeric: A mechanistic review.Evid. Based Compl. Alt. Med.202020201765691910.1155/2020/7656919
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Alkanna: Health benefits, side effects, uses, dose & precautions.Available from: https://www.rxlist.com/supplements/alkanna.htm 2021
  82. Green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens) – weeds of melbourne.Available from: https://weedsofmelbourne.org/green-alkanet-pentaglottis-sempervirens 2021
  83. GilaniA.H. BashirS. KhanA. Pharmacological basis for the use of Borago officinalis in gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders.J. Ethnopharmacol.2007114339339910.1016/j.jep.2007.08.03217900837
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Ajwain (Carom Seeds): Amazing facts, nutritional value, health benefits & side effects - Dr AvinashTank, is a super-specialist (MCh) laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgeon.Available from: https://www.dravinashtank.in/food-nutrition/ajwain-carom-amazing-facts-nutritional-value-health-benefits-side-effects/# 2024
  85. WangG.W. HuW.T. HuangB.K. QinL.P. Illicium verum: A review on its botany, traditional use, chemistry and pharmacology.J. Ethnopharmacol.20111361102010.1016/j.jep.2011.04.05121549817
     [Google Scholar]
  86. HuangW.Y. CaiY.Z. ZhangY. Natural phenolic compounds from medicinal herbs and dietary plants: Potential use for cancer prevention.Nutr. Cancer200962112010.1080/0163558090319158520043255
     [Google Scholar]
  87. ShuklaJ. TripathiS.P. ChaubeyM.K. Toxicity of Myristica fragrans and Illicium verum essential oils against flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Electronic J Env, Agricultural.Food Chem.200986403407
     [Google Scholar]
  88. Star anise: Benefits, uses and potential risks.Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/star-anise 2018
  89. ShahrajabianM.H. SunW. ChengQ. Chinese star anise and anise, magic herbs in traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmaceutical science.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res.20195316217910.3329/ajmbr.v5i3.43584
     [Google Scholar]
  90. Holy basil: Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning.Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1101/holy-basil 2019
  91. KesarwaniK. GuptaR. MukerjeeA. Bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin: An overview.Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed.20133425326610.1016/S2221‑1691(13)60060‑X23620848
     [Google Scholar]
  92. GidwaniB. BhattacharyaR. ShuklaS. S. PandeyR. K. Indian spices: Past, present and future challenges as the engine for bio‐enhancement of drugs: Impact of COVID‐19.J. Sci. Food Agricul.2022102830653077
     [Google Scholar]
  93. JavedS. AhsanW. KohliK. The concept of bio-enhancers in bioavailability enhancement of drugs–A patent review.J Sci Lett20161143165
     [Google Scholar]
  94. SahuG GoswamiP TajT PalR AshiqueS BhowmickM BhowmickP FaridA. Medicinal and nutritional importance of centella asiatica in human health.Medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in human health: Volume 1.Springer Nature SingaporeSingapore202422124910.1007/978‑981‑97‑6895‑0_12
     [Google Scholar]
  95. ShobaG. JoyD. JosephT. MajeedM. RajendranR. SrinivasP. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers.Planta Med.199864435335610.1055/s‑2006‑9574509619120
     [Google Scholar]
  96. AllamehA. SaxenaM. BiswasG. RajH.G. SinghJ. SrivastavaN. Piperine, a plant alkaloid of the piper species, enhances the bioavailability of aflatoxin B1 in rat tissues.Cancer Lett.199261319519910.1016/0304‑3835(92)90287‑61739943
     [Google Scholar]
  97. KandikattuH.K. RachithaP. JayashreeG.V. KrupashreeK. SukhithM. MajidA. AmrutaN. KhanumF. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Cardamom ( Elettaria repens (Sonn.) Baill) and its phytochemical analysis by 4D GCXGC TOF-MS.Biomed. Pharmacother.20179119120110.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.04928458157
     [Google Scholar]
  98. HuangY.B. WuP.C. KoH.M. TsaiY.H. Effect of pretreatment by cardamom oil on in vitro percutaneous penetration of piroxicam gel.Int. J. Pharm.1996131213714110.1016/0378‑5173(95)04282‑2
     [Google Scholar]
  99. HuangY. Cardamom oil as a skin permeation enhancer for indomethacin, piroxicam and diclofenac.Int. J. Pharm.19951261-211111710.1016/0378‑5173(95)04104‑4
     [Google Scholar]
  100. NiphadeS.R. AsadM. ChandrakalaG.K. ToppoE. DeshmukhP. Immunomodulatory activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark.Pharm. Biol.200947121168117310.3109/13880200903019234
     [Google Scholar]
  101. RibnickyD.M. PoulevA. SchmidtB. CefaluW.T. RaskinI. Evaluation of botanicals for improving human health.Am. J. Clin. Nutr.2008872472S475S10.1093/ajcn/87.2.472S18258641
     [Google Scholar]
  102. ZhangW. TanT.M.C. LimL.Y. Impact of curcumin-induced changes in P-glycoprotein and CYP3A expression on the pharmacokinetics of peroral celiprolol and midazolam in rats.Drug Metab. Dispos.200735111011510.1124/dmd.106.01107217050652
     [Google Scholar]
  103. JainG. PatilU.K. Strategies for enhancement of bioavailability of medicinal agents with natural products.Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res.201561253155324
     [Google Scholar]
  104. Use of piperine as a bioavailability enhancer.Patent: US,5744161,A,
  105. Use of piperine to increase the bioavailability of nutritional compounds.Patent: US,5536506,A,
  106. Bioavailability enhancing activity of zingiber officinale linn and its extracts/fractions thereof.Patent: WO,2003,049753,A1,
  107. Bioavailability/bioefficacy enhancing activity of cuminum cyminum and extracts and fractions thereof.Patent: WO,2003,075685,A2,
  108. Fenugreek seed bio-active compositions and methods for extracting same.Patent: US,7338675,B2,
  109. Compositions of bio-active compounds from fenugreek seed and methods for producing same.Patent: WO,2005,084323,A2,
  110. Extraction method of star anise oil.Patent: CN,105713732,A,
/content/journals/lff/10.2174/0126669390339447250107065055
Loading
Pharmacological and Dietary Significance of Indian Spices: A Review
Lett Funct Foods 2, E26669390339447 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0126669390339447250107065055
/content/journals/lff/10.2174/0126669390339447250107065055
/content/journals/lff/10.2174/0126669390339447250107065055
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): bio-enhancers; complementary medicine; Indian spices; medical herbs; patents; pharmacological responses

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test