Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders) - Volume 21, Issue 2, 2021

Background: Tuberculosis considered as a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, may invade all organs but mainly affects the lungs. Overall, disseminated TB is rare in immunocompetent patients and its association with seborrheic keratosis has never been reported. Case Presentation: We reported a 54-year-old man with a complaint prolonged fever, abdominal pain, weight loss and lymphadenopathy without any immunosuppression who was eventually treated based on the diagnosis of diffuse tuberculosis.

Background: Corynebacterium striatum is an emerging nosocomial pathogen, capable of causing a variety of infections in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. Case Presentation: We describe three cases of infection by C. striatum that were initially considered as contamination. Clinical suspicion in the wake of predisposing factors and accurate identification, using the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), were key to implicate this commensal bacterium as a cause of infection.

Background: Little is known regarding the burden of predominant circulating serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the serotype distribution of pneumococcal diseases in Iran by using a comprehensive systematic review of available articles. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out to identify papers published by Iranian authors in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar electronic databases from January 2000 to December 2018. Then, eight publications that met our inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and analysis by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: In total, three studies reported the distribution of S. pneumoniae serotypes among patients, two studies among healthy individuals, and three studies among both groups. Of those studies, serotype 19A/F (17.9%; 95% CI: 13.6-23.0) was the most circulating serotype followed by 23A/F (12.3%; 95% CI: 7.7-19.2), 6A/B (11.0%; 95% CI: 8.0-14.9), and 14 (8.8%; 95% CI: 5.8-13.2). In contrast, the lowest circulating serotype was 60 (0.02%; 95% CI: 0.0-1.2), 29 (0.07%; 95% CI: 0.01-5.0), and 36 (0.09%; 95% CI: 0.04-2.1). Meta-regression results showed that prevalence of serotype 23A/F significantly increased each year about 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.3, P <0.001, tau2 <0.001). Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that over the last decade, the most prevalent serotypes in Iran were 19, 23, 6, and 14, respectively. These findings provide practical evidence to select effective pneumococcal vaccine candidates for the prevention of invasive diseases in Iranian patients and also to compare our situation with others.