Skip to content
2000
Volume 25, Issue 11
  • ISSN: 1871-5303
  • E-ISSN: 2212-3873
file format text download EPUB
file format pdf download PDF
side by side viewer icon HTML

Abstract

Introduction

In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) is linked to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Levels of PTH are influenced by serum phosphate (P) and calcium (Ca), but little is known about the impact of magnesium (Mg) on PTH. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between PTH and Mg in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and non-dialysis patients from three hospitals in China.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study included 446 chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) patients from three hospitals in southern China. PTH was naturally transformed to Ln_PTH for analysis. The chi-square test, Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and t-test were used to explore the relationships between Ln_PTH and gender, diabetes history, Mg, P, Ca, albumin (Alb), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBC), and platelet (Plt).

Results

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) had lower levels of Ln_PTH in PD (<0.05) and non-dialysis (>0.05) patients. Ln_PTH levels were negatively associated with Mg and Ca but positively associated with and Alb in PD patients (all <0.05). Ln_PTH levels were negatively associated with age but positively associated with in non-dialysis patients (all <0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the negative effect of Mg and diabetes on Ln_PTH levels in CKD5 patients.

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publishers.
This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303311081241022042321
2025-01-08
2025-09-12

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303311081241022042321
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/emiddt/25/11/EMIDDT-25-11-06.html?itemId=/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303311081241022042321&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. WangW.H. ChenL.W. LeeC.C. SunC.Y. ShyuY.C. HsuH.R. ChienR.N. WuI.W. Association between parathyroid hormone, 25 (OH) vitamin D, and chronic kidney disease: A population-based study.BioMed Res. Int.201720171910.1155/2017/743565728367447
     [Google Scholar]
  2. NikodimopoulouM. LiakosS. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and target organs in chronic kidney disease.Hippokratia201115Suppl. 1333821897756
     [Google Scholar]
  3. MelamedM.L. EustaceJ.A. PlantingaL. JaarB.G. FinkN.E. CoreshJ. KlagM.J. PoweN.R. Changes in serum calcium, phosphate, and PTH and the risk of death in incident dialysis patients: A longitudinal study.Kidney Int.200670235135710.1038/sj.ki.500154216738536
     [Google Scholar]
  4. GengS. KuangZ. PeissigP.L. PageD. MaursetterL. HansenK.E. Parathyroid hormone independently predicts fracture, vascular events, and death in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease.Osteoporos. Int.201930102019202510.1007/s00198‑019‑05033‑331190122
     [Google Scholar]
  5. LevinA. BakrisG.L. MolitchM. SmuldersM. TianJ. WilliamsL.A. AndressD.L. Prevalence of abnormal serum vitamin D, PTH, calcium, and phosphorus in patients with chronic kidney disease: Results of the study to evaluate early kidney disease.Kidney Int.2007711313810.1038/sj.ki.500200917091124
     [Google Scholar]
  6. OmijeD. NorrisK. WangJ. PanD. KermahD. GuptaA. Race is a major determinant of secondary hyperparathyroidism in uremic patients: Comparative study of Blacks and Hispanics.Clin. Nephrol.2008701031231810.5414/CNP7031218826856
     [Google Scholar]
  7. VincentiF. ArnaudS.B. ReckerR. GenantH. AmendW.J.C. FeduskaN.J. SalvatierraO. Parathyroid and bone response of the diabetic patient to uremia.Kidney Int.198425467768210.1038/ki.1984.736482171
     [Google Scholar]
  8. VavanikunnelJ. SewingL. TriantafyllidouM. SteighardtA. BaumannS. EggerA. GrizeL. FelixB. KraenzlinM. HenzenC. MeierC. Determinants of low bone turnover in type 2 diabetes-the role of PTH.Calcif. Tissue Int.2022111658759610.1007/s00223‑022‑01022‑736190530
     [Google Scholar]
  9. BrownE.M. Extracellular Ca2+ sensing, regulation of parathyroid cell function, and role of Ca2+ and other ions as extracellular (first) messengers.Physiol. Rev.199171237141110.1152/physrev.1991.71.2.3712006218
     [Google Scholar]
  10. ChoM.S. LeeK.S. LeeY.K. MaS.K. KoJ.H. KimS.W. KimN.H. ChoiK.C. Relationship between the serum parathyroid hormone and magnesium levels in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients using low-magnesium peritoneal dialysate.Korean J. Intern. Med. (Korean. Assoc. Intern. Med.)200217211412110.3904/kjim.2002.17.2.11412164088
     [Google Scholar]
  11. OhyaM. NegiS. SakaguchiT. KoiwaF. AndoR. KomatsuY. ShinodaT. InagumaD. JokiN. YamakaT. IkedaM. ShigematsuT. Significance of serum magnesium as an independent correlative factor on the parathyroid hormone level in uremic patients.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.201499103873387810.1210/jc.2013‑439624937533
     [Google Scholar]
  12. LiW. ZhangS. Risk factors of parathyroid dysfunction in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.Adv. Clin. Exp. Med.20152461007101210.17219/acem/2343926771973
     [Google Scholar]
  13. FangL. TangB. HouD. MengM. XiongM. YangJ. Effect of parathyroid hormone on serum magnesium levels: The neglected relationship in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.Ren. Fail.2016381505610.3109/0886022X.2015.110684726671274
     [Google Scholar]
  14. ShamspourN. MolahoseiniM. AzmandianJ. AhmadipourH. BaniasadA. To evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium and parathyroid hormone levels in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients.Int. Urol. Nephrol.20225551321132710.1007/s11255‑022‑03445‑536526918
     [Google Scholar]
  15. LeveyA.S. StevensL.A. SchmidC.H. ZhangY.L. CastroA.F. FeldmanH.I. KusekJ.W. EggersP. Van LenteF. GreeneT. CoreshJ. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate.Ann. Intern. Med.2009150960461210.7326/0003‑4819‑150‑9‑200905050‑0000619414839
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Al-AzemH. KhanA. Primary hyperparathyroidism.CMAJ201118310E685E68910.1503/cmaj.09067521540163
     [Google Scholar]
  17. BilezikianJ.P. BandeiraL. KhanA. CusanoN.E. Hyperparathyroidism.Lancet20183911011616817810.1016/S0140‑6736(17)31430‑728923463
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Rodríguez-OrtizM.E. CanalejoA. HerenciaC. Martínez-MorenoJ.M. Peralta-RamírezA. Perez-MartinezP. Navarro-GonzálezJ.F. RodríguezM. PeterM. GundlachK. SteppanS. Passlick-DeetjenJ. Muñoz-CastañedaJ.R. AlmadenY. Magnesium modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and upregulates parathyroid receptor expression at moderately low calcium concentration.Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.201429228228910.1093/ndt/gft40024103811
     [Google Scholar]
  19. CunninghamJ. RodríguezM. MessaP. Magnesium in chronic kidney disease Stages 3 and 4 and in dialysis patients.Clin. Kidney J.20125Suppl. 1i39i5110.1093/ndtplus/sfr16626069820
     [Google Scholar]
  20. NavarroJ.F. MoraC. JiménezA. TorresA. MacíaM. GarcíaJ. Relationship between serum magnesium and parathyroid hormone levels in hemodialysis patients.Am. J. Kidney Dis.1999341434810.1016/S0272‑6386(99)70106‑X10401014
     [Google Scholar]
  21. NavarroJ.F. MoraC. MaciaM. GarciaJ. Serum magnesium concentration is an independent predictor of parathyroid hormone levels in peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit. Dial. Int.199919545546110.1177/08968608990190050911379859
     [Google Scholar]
  22. PletkaP. BernsteinD.S. HampersC.L. MerrillJ.P. SherwoodL.M. Relationship between magnesium and secondary hyperparathyroidism during long-term hemodialysis.Metabolism197423761963010.1016/S0026‑0495(74)80021‑14600477
     [Google Scholar]
  23. HulterH.N. PetersonJ.C. Renal and systemic magnesium metabolism during chronic continuous PTH infusion in normal subjects.Metabolism198433766266610.1016/0026‑0495(84)90067‑26738367
     [Google Scholar]
  24. SandaS. SchlingmannK.P. NewfieldR.S. Autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism with severe hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia, successfully treated with recombinant PTH and continuous subcutaneous magnesium infusion.J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab.200821438539110.1515/JPEM.2008.21.4.38518556971
     [Google Scholar]
  25. GerdhemP. IsakssonA. ÅkessonK. ObrantK.J. Increased bone density and decreased bone turnover, but no evident alteration of fracture susceptibility in elderly women with diabetes mellitus.Osteoporos. Int.200516121506151210.1007/s00198‑005‑1877‑515824889
     [Google Scholar]
  26. SassM.R. Wewer AlbrechtsenN.J. PedersenJ. HareK.J. Borbye-LorenzenN. KissK. VilsbøllT. KnopF.K. PoulsenS.S. JørgensenN.R. HolstJ.J. ØrskovC. HartmannB. Secretion of parathyroid hormone may be coupled to insulin secretion in humans.Endocr. Connect.20209774775410.1530/EC‑20‑009232698134
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Reyes-GarcíaR. Rozas-MorenoP. López-GallardoG. García-MartínA. VarsavskyM. Avilés-PerezM.D. Muñoz-TorresM. Serum levels of bone resorption markers are decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes.Acta Diabetol.2013501475210.1007/s00592‑011‑0347‑022042129
     [Google Scholar]
  28. SuzukiK. KuroseT. TakizawaM. MaruyamaM. UshikawaK. KikuyamaM. SugimotoC. SeinoY. NagamatsuS. IshidaH. Osteoclastic function is accelerated in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The preventive role of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor/osteoprotegerin (OCIF/OPG) on the decrease of bone mineral density.Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.200568211712510.1016/j.diabres.2004.08.00615860239
     [Google Scholar]
  29. SugimotoT. RitterC. MorrisseyJ. HayesC. SlatopolskyE. Effects of high concentrations of glucose on PTH secretion in parathyroid cells.Kidney Int.19903761522152710.1038/ki.1990.1442194068
     [Google Scholar]
  30. BlockG.A. KlassenP.S. LazarusJ.M. OfsthunN. LowrieE.G. ChertowG.M. Mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis.J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.20041582208221810.1097/01.ASN.0000133041.27682.A215284307
     [Google Scholar]
  31. DobnigH. Piswanger-SölknerJ.C. RothM. Obermayer-PietschB. TiranA. StreleA. MaierE. MaritschneggP. SiebererC. Fahrleitner-PammerA. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in nursing home patients: Effects on bone turnover, bone mass, and fracture risk.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.20069193355336310.1210/jc.2006‑046016735485
     [Google Scholar]
  32. MemonI. NorrisK.C. BombackA.S. PeraltaC. LiS. ChenS.C. McCulloughP.A. Whaley-ConnellA. JurkovitzC. TamuraM.K. SaabG. The association between parathyroid hormone levels and hemoglobin in diabetic and nondiabetic participants in the national kidney foundationʼs kidney early evaluation program.Cardiorenal Med.20133212012710.1159/00035122923922552
     [Google Scholar]
  33. TanakaM. KomabaH. FukagawaM. Emerging association between parathyroid hormone and anemia in hemodialysis patients.Ther. Apher. Dial.201822324224510.1111/1744‑9987.1268529767854
     [Google Scholar]
  34. HabasE. EledrisiM. KhanF. ElzoukiA.N.Y. Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease: Pathophysiology and management.Cureus2021137e1638810.7759/cureus.1638834408941
     [Google Scholar]
  35. ShidaraK. InabaM. OkunoS. ImanishiY. YamakawaT. IshimuraE. KumedaY. NishizawaY. Influence of nutritional status on serum large N-truncated PTH, but not PTH(1–84) in hemodialysis patients.Biomed. Pharmacother.2007612-314214710.1016/j.biopha.2006.08.00817270383
     [Google Scholar]
  36. LiuL. WangL. WangX. XiongM. CaoH. JiangL. YangJ. Serum PTH associated with malnutrition determined by bioelectrical impedance technology in chronic kidney disease patients.Int. J. Endocrinol.202220221710.1155/2022/122248035573870
     [Google Scholar]
  37. GutiérrezO.M. MannstadtM. IsakovaT. Rauh-HainJ.A. TamezH. ShahA. SmithK. LeeH. ThadhaniR. JüppnerH. WolfM. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis.N. Engl. J. Med.2008359658459210.1056/NEJMoa070613018687639
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303311081241022042321
Loading
Significance of Serum Magnesium in Parathyroid Hormone Level in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 25, 896 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303311081241022042321
/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303311081241022042321
/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303311081241022042321
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): Chronic kidney disease; diabetes; intact parathyroid hormone; magnesium; non-dialysis patients; peritoneal dialysis patients

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test