Current Women's Health Reviews - Volume 18, Issue 2, 2022

Background: Endometrial carcinoma ranks second among the most common gynecological malignancy in developing countries. Biomarkers are needed to aid in screening the disease and predicting the clinical as well as the therapeutic outcome. Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) is a protein that was first isolated from human epididymis cells. HE4 levels are elevated in various types of cancers, such as ovarian and gastric cancer. Objectives: We aim to assess the association of serum and tissue, HE4, and endometrial adenocarcinoma in 77 Egyptian patients divided into two groups: 37 patients in the endometrial cancer group and 40 patients in the control group. Results: We found that HE4 levels were significantly increased in both serum and tissue of the endometrial cancer group compared to the negative control group. Moreover, higher expression levels were significantly associated with high-grade tumors. HE4 showed excellent diagnostic and prognostic value with a sensitivity and specificity of over 90 percent. Conclusion: We conclude that both serum and tissue expression of HE4 are sensitive, specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in endometrial adenocarcinoma. In addition, they can predict extra- uterine involvement and staging of the disease.

Background: Changes in physiological parameters in pregnant women are important factors in mothers who are candidates for cesarean section. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an operating room and cesarean section orientation on the physiological parameters (BP, heart rate, respiration) of pregnant women undergoing cesarean section. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 80 pregnant women referring to a cesarean section in hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The samples were randomly divided into two control (n = 40) and intervention groups (n = 40). The intervention group participated in 4 sessions of training classes. The control group used routine hospital training. The parameters were measured before and after the intervention in two groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21), independent T-test, and analysis of covariance. Results: The mean of post-training blood pressure in the intervention group, i.e., 82.78 (7.86), and the control group, i.e., 84.08 (7.44), was not statistically significant (p < .487). After the intervention, the mean heart rate in the intervention group, i.e., 82.15 (8.10) and in the control group, i.e., 83.43 (8.54), was statistically significant (p <0.0001). After the intervention, the mean respiratory rate in the intervention group was 94.28 (0.96) and in the control group was 75.96 (1.08) (P <0.0001). Conclusion: Although the patient's operating room and cesarean section orientation did not affect mothers' mean blood pressure, it reduced the mean of their heart rate and respiratory rate. It is important for medical staff to play an important role in identifying important strategies in managing the anxiety of pregnant women in order to improve their physiological indicators. This study was also registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT code: 20130710013940N6).