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Pneumonia is defined as an inflammation of the lung parenchyma, and is caused by different factors resulting in varied manifestations and sequelae. Pneumonia has a great impact on an individual well-being and quality of life, and has brought a heavy economic burden to society. Pneumonia can be classified based on etiologies, lesion sites, extent of involvement, mode of acquisition, duration of the disease, pathological characteristics, among others. Based on the classification of etiologies, this article briefly reviewed pneumonia from pathogenic characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnosis and Chinese medicine treatment. It is found that pneumonia is mainly caused by pathogens via various mechanisms, often outbreaks in winter and early spring, especially in areas with poor medical conditions, and predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals, such as children under 5 years of age and the elderly and its diagnosis is based mainly on clinical features and chest CT. Up to now, almost all types of pneumonia can be accurately diagnosed and effectively improved by different traditional medicines, especially Chinese medicines, while the fast diagnostic technology that is specific to its corresponding pathogen urgently needs to be developed.
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